Interesting post here that discusses this new study, which has the following abstract:
A common gender stereotype assumes that men are more aggressive and women are more emotional. In negotiation, men are assumed to be more assertive and women better at fostering relationships. However, a new study published in Negotiation and Conflict Management Research reveals that when people are trying to make a positive impression, they may behave in ways that contradict gender stereotypes.
Jared Curhan of MIT’s Sloan School of Management and Jennifer Overbeck of the University of Southern California ‘s Marshall School of Business assigned 190 MBA students to same-sex groups to represent either a high-status recruiter or a low-status job candidate engaged in a standard employment negotiation simulation. Half of the participants were offered an additional cash incentive to make a positive impression on their negotiation counterparts.
When incentivized to make a positive impression on their counterparts, men and women in the high-status role acted in ways that contradicted gender stereotypes. Women negotiated more aggressively and men negotiated in a more appeasing manner. Being motivated to make a positive impression may have cued negotiators to counter whatever negative tendencies they believe others see in them and to thus display a contrasting demeanor.
Women who are motivated to make a positive impression, perhaps in an effort to refute the stereotype that they are weak or ineffective negotiators, may advocate more strongly for their own interests. In contrast, men who are motivated to make a positive impression, perhaps in an effort to refute the stereotype that they are overly aggressive, may yield to the demands of the other side.
The success of the strategies was mixed. Men’s strategy of behaving in a more conciliatory fashion apparently succeeded in producing a positive impression in the counterpart’s eyes. However, the women’s strategy of behaving more assertively failed to create a more positive impression. Instead, women who behaved more assertively, were judged more negatively.
“Our findings have long-term implications for how we teach negotiation,” the authors conclude. “Men who try to make a positive impression by being conciliatory risk forfeiting their own economic outcomes and women who try to make positive impressions by being assertive can risk damaging their relationships. Thus, men and women may benefit from different strategies when it comes to balancing the tension in negotiation between empathy and assertiveness.”
My own view is that you can’t negotiate yourself out of being female. If a dean offers you a smaller starting salary than similarly situated men, and refuses to budge, hoping that you will turn down the offer so he can then give the job to a man (while simultaneously complaining that he’s TRYING to hire more women but they just won’t play ball), it’s not because you are a bad negotiator. It’s because that dean is a scumbag.
–Ann Bartow
It is an interesting study, but didn’t Carol Gilligan say the same thing about twenty years ago . . . ?
What seems missing here (although it may be present in the full study) is an examination of the results based on all posible permutations of participants…ie. males acting out of gender stereotype to males, females, mixed. Same concern with females acting out of stereotypical beliefs on all posible audience configurations. This study seems to want certain results.
I’m a little confused about what the “take away” is.
I’m with you, Ann. The deck is stacked against women from the start. I wish I had a dollar for every professional women I know who’s been told that she’s “intimidating,” myself included. And my friends are academic physicians (including a PICU attending), humanities profs, and physicians in private practice–highly educated people who have earned the right not to hide their lights under bushels.
Sadly, the fact is that smart, competent, confident women are punished if they act that way, and if they try to hide their competence and intelligence and conform to a more stereotypical woman’s profile, they’re blamed for acting like creampuffs. Men are rewarded for behavior for which women are punished. And, although Bob raises an interesting point, I’d wager that women are just as steeped in sexist assumptions about how women should and shouldn’t behave, and are equal enforcers of these norms along with men.