[17], Early models were not very maneuverable under water, could not dive very deep, and lacked radar. The IJN also attempted to build a number of fleet carriers, though most of these projects were not completed by the end of the war. Decent photo but a little on the grainy side. Although there were delays in engine development,[10] several new competitive designs were developed during the war, but industrial weaknesses, lack of raw materials and disorganization due to Allied bombing raids hampered their mass-production. [9] The inexperience of IJN pilots who were trained in the later part of the war was especially evident during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, when their aircraft were shot down in droves by the American naval pilots in what the Americans later called the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot". Japanese crews and life inside a WW2 IJN submarine – The World War II Foundation. During the war, Japan managed to sink about 1 million tons of merchant shipping (170 ships) with her 184 submarines, compared to 1.5 million tons for Britain (493 ships), 4.65 million tons for the US (1079 ships)[18] and 14.5 million tons for Germany (2,000 ships) with her 1,000 U-Boats. [4] From 1935-1938, Akagi and Kaga received extensive rebuilds to improve their aircraft handling capacity.[4]. In recognition that quantity was as important as quality in some roles, design policy was therefore modified to produce units that were easier to build and operate. At the end of World War II, numerous Special Attack Units (Japanese: 特別攻撃隊, tokubetsu kōgeki tai, also abbreviated to 特攻隊, tokkōtai) were developed for suicide missions, in a desperate move to compensate for the annihilation of the main fleet. Naval treaties were later abrogated in 1937 and so destroyer development continued without regard to limits. During the opening moments of the war the British Navy remained the largest and best equipped in the world. There are a total of [ 47 ] WW2 Japanese Warships and Submarines (1939-1945)entries in the Military Factory. DatabaseIJN
Aircraft
The Imperial Japanese Navy in World War Two was administered by the Ministry of the Navy of Japan and controlled by the Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff at Imperial General Headquarters. Yamato and Musashi were sunk by air attacks long before coming in gun range of the American fleet. Imperial Japanese Navy Land Forces of World War II originated with the Special Naval Landing Forces, and eventually consisted of the following: 1. Nurses, medical staff, and crew were killed and injured in this bar… In the Battle of Guadalcanal on 15 November 1942, the U.S. battleships USS South Dakota and Washington fought and destroyed the Japanese battleship Kirishima, but only after South Dakota had sustained heavy damage. Warships in 3-DWorld War II
The Base Force or Tokubetsu Konkyochitai provided services, primarily security, to naval facilities 3. As a result, the early "Special Type" destroyers required significant changes and the specifications of subsequent classes was reduced in one way or another. Return to the World War 2 Aircraft by Country Index. Sunken Japanese Carrier
Wreckage Identified! Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). Ultimately, the maturity of air power spelled doom for the battleship. When the fall of Saipan in July 1944 brought U.S. bombers within range of Tokyo, the Tōjō cabinet was replaced by that of Koiso Kuniaki. April 10, 1941 marked a pivotal moment in naval aviation history. Japan had by far the most varied fleet of submarines of World War II, including manned torpedoes (Kaiten), midget submarines (Ko-hyoteki, Kairyu), medium-range submarines, purpose-built supply submarines (many for use by the Army), long-range fleet submarines (many of which carried an aircraft), submarines with the highest submerged speeds of the conflict (Senkou I-201), and submarines that could carry multiple bombers (World War II's largest submarine, the Sentoku I-400). Only the indecision of Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita and the fight by American destroyers and destroyer escorts saved the American escort carriers of "Taffy 3" from destruction by the gunfire of Yamato, Kongō, Haruna, and Nagato and their cruiser escort. Strait is now available. [22], A considerable number of Special Attack Units were built and stored in coastal hideouts for the desperate defense of the Home islands, with the potential to destroy or damage thousands of enemy warships.[20]. (J-Air)Mechanisms of IJN
At the beginning of the Second World War, the Japanese Navy (or, in the Japanese language, Nihon Kaigun, or even Teikoku Kaigun, the Imperial Navy) was arguably the most powerful navy in the world. Or, if you want to get more in-depth, try Tony Tully's Untold Tales of the
Nihhon Kaigun, of the Imperial Japanese Navy was at the beginning of ww2 firmly established as the world’s third in size. Japan put particular emphasis on aircraft carriers. Imperial Japanese Navy, Mechanisms of IJN
The World's Best Battleship: The
Japan - 1945 early, Lt Yutaka Morioka Of the 302nd AG at Atsugi. There were 660 fighters (mainly A6M Zeros), 330 carrier-borne strike aircraft, 240 twin-engined shore-based torpedo- bombers specifically intended for fleet cooperation, and 520 flying boats and seaplanes. From the late 1850s Japan developed an oceanic navy capable of defeating rival Pacific naval powers, however that imperial navy ultimately outgrew Japan’s national capacity and during World War II the destruction of Japanese sea power ultimately led to the defeat and occupation of Japan itself. In the early war years, their advantages were aggressively exploited against the often second rate and poorly coordinated Allied ships stationed in the region (as at the disastrous Battle of the Java Sea). Just before 10.00 am on 19 February 1942, Australia's northern port of Darwin was bombed by Japanese aircraft launched from Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo's carriers. Nearly all were sent to the bottom of the sea by the war's end. [3] As a result of the changing technology, plans for even larger battleships, such as the Japanese Super Yamato-class battleships, were cancelled. The second half of World War II saw the last battleship duels. Sequel! AU $191.54. Vessels, Naval GunsTorpedoesRadarJapanese Ship
[20] Kamikaze planes were particularly effective during the defense of Okinawa, in which about 2,000 planes were sent to sink 34 warships and damage around 364. Battleships in the Pacific ended up primarily performing shore bombardment and anti-aircraft defense for the carriers. us. The hospital ship was painted white and was clearly marked with large red crosses. Published!CombinedFleet.com's Tony Tully's Battle of Surigao
Planes from the Japanese aircraft carrier Shōkaku preparing the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Aichi M6A Seiran (晴嵐,"Mountain Haze"[1]) was a submarine-launched attack floatplane designed for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Japan - 1945, equipment pilot japan. The naval air service was one of the most potent air forces in the world before its destruction in World War II. Generally speaking, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) requirements gave rise to warships that were substantially larger than their European or American equivalents. A kamikaze Zero, about to hit the USS Missouri 11 April 1945. Fleet's Discussion & Message Board - Tully's Port. Yamato, the heaviest and most heavily armed battleship in history, was launched in 1941.[2]. An Imperial Japanese Navy's I-400-class submarine, the largest submarine type of World War II. The Imperial Japanese Navy started the Pacific War with 10 aircraft carriers,[5] the largest and most modern carrier fleet in the world at that time. These submarines were also equipped with the most advanced torpedo of the conflict, the Type 95 torpedo, a 533 mm (21 in) version of the famous 610 mm (24 in) Type 93.[14]. Published on Mar 21, 2017 Time Lapse of the Losses of the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War 2. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff and the Navy Ministry. Miraculously for the Americans, only one escort carrier, two destroyers, and one destroyer escort were lost in this action. Japanese Militaria for sale at International Military Antiques including pieces from WWII and earlier such as Vintage WW2 Japanese Military Helmets, WW2 Katana, Prayer Flags and much more. Special Naval Landing Force or Rikusentai or kaigun rikusentai or Tokubetsu Rikusentai: the Japanese Marines 2. "by 1941, by training and experience, Japan's naval aviators were undoubtedly the best among the world's three carrier forces" Evans, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, List of Japanese Navy ships and war vessels in World War II, Imperial Japanese Navy order of battle 1941, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_in_World_War_II?oldid=2505732, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, Naval Civil Engineering and Construction Units, or, December 1941 — 291,359 including 1,500 pilots. [11] Radical new plane designs were also developed, such as the canard design Shinden, and especially jet-powered aircraft such as the Nakajima Kikka and the rocket-propelled Mitsubishi J8M. WW2 Former Japanese Army Navy cap for officer Free Shipping from Japan … Kyu-gunto swords, also called Russo-Japanese swords, were used by Army, Cavalry and Naval officers during the Russo-Japanese War and WW II.This style of mounting was used from 1883 until 1945. Consequently, at the beginning of World War II, Japan probably had the most sophisticated Navy in the world. Maybe I'm just intrigued by the underdog. At the beginning of World War II, the Japanese navy was the third largest, and probably the most sophis… Please see Battle of Surigao Strait's website for
During the war losses and lack of ability for rebuilding (compared with the US's military-industrial machine) ceded that title to America. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). Note: 2 Submarines near India are not displayed. Subsequent development from one destroyer class to the next was not, however, a smooth progression. All three mid-war designs were sunk in 1944, with Shinano and Taihō being sunk by U.S. submarines, and Hiyō by air attacks. Imperial Japanese Navy Midget Submarine Attack on Sydney Harbour, 31 May-1 June 1942. In order to combat the numerically superior American navy, the IJN devoted large amounts of resources to creating a force superior in quality to any navy at the time. Japanese language, Nihon Kaigun, or even Teikoku Kaigun, the
At the beginning of the Second World War, the Japanese Navy (or, in the
New Book on Battle of Surigao Strait
There can be no doubt that this attack was deliberate. The Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II was the second most powerful navy in the Pacific War in World War II. It was intended to operate from I-400 class submarines whose original mission was to conduct aerial attacks against the United States. Finally, you can learn a little about
In any
site. On this site, you can also find out more about Imperial Navy's
On this date, the Imperial Japanese Navy formed the First Air Fleet, composed of all seven of Japan's fleet and light carriers. Imperial Japanese Navy Land Forces of World War II originated with the Special Naval Landing Forces, and eventually consisted of the following: "In many ways the Japanese were in the forefront of carrier design, and in 1941, the two. Furthermore, the IJN did not have an efficient process for rapid training of aviators, as two years of training were usually considered necessary for a carrier flyer. Koiso formed a supreme war-direction council designed to link the cabinet and the high command. Flag images indicative of country of origin and not necessarily the primary operator. [15] Other submarines undertook trans-oceanic missions to German-occupied Europe, such as I-30, I-8, I-34, I-29 and I-52, in one case flying a Japanese seaplane over France in a propaganda coup. New to this site? In the 1920s, the Imperial Japanese Navy was the world’s third largest maritime service, behind Britain’s Royal Navy and the United States Navy. War. the Imperial Japanese Navy. Midshipmen and cadets of the corps wore a colored anchor on the cap. The survivors were given to the Allies. The war in the Pacific was not a duel, but the engagement of a multitude of nations, a huge variety of theaters of operations, ranging from the deserts of China through the jungle of Borneo and icy mountains of the Aleutians. Japanese cruisers ranged throughout the Pacific in World War II and were in the forefront of virtually all the major engagements against Allied Forces. Midway! WW2 JAPANESE NAVY CANTEEN NAVAL LANDING FORCES SNLF WWII JAPAN Navy Rare: Details » Bid on This Item » Buy Now for $249.00 » Bid: $149.00 Buy: $249.00: Ships: $8.50: $157.50: 15 mins: Item Condition: Used; Item Location: Faribault, MN, USA ZIP 550** Shipping Type: Flat Rate; Shipping Cost: $8.50; Handling Time: 3 business days Free shipping . [19] These units included Kamikaze ("Divine Wind") bombers,[19] Shinyo ("Sea Quake") suicide boats,[20] Kairyu ("Sea Dragon") suicide midget submarines,[21] Kaiten ("Turn of Heaven") suicide torpedoes,[20] and Fukuryu ("Crouching Dragon") suicide scuba divers who would swim under boats and use explosives mounted on bamboo poles to destroy both the boat and themselves. [17] They were often used in offensive roles against warships (per Mahanian doctrine), which were fast, maneuverable and well-defended compared to merchant ships. [6] A large number of these Japanese carriers were of small size, however, in accordance with the limitations placed upon the Navy by the London and Washington Naval Conferences. There were seven American aircraft carriers at the beginning of hostilities, only three operating in the Pacific; and eight British aircraft carriers, of which a single one operated in the Indian Ocean. The Japanese emphasis on fleet destroyers had neglected the need for large numbers of escort vessels to defend critical merchantmen, a need learnt by both the Royal Navy and the United States Navy in the Battle of the Atlantic. For a time, the Empire of Japan managed one of the most prolific naval forces anywhere in the world - though the Allies would eventually render its power useless. Japan continued to attribute considerable prestige to battleships (戦艦 Senkan) and endeavoured to build the largest and most powerful ships of the period. This came as a nasty surprise to the Allies, who had generally underestimated Japanese technical capabilities. How and why this
Later in the war, units fitted with radar were in some instances sunk due to the ability of US radar sets to detect their emissions. Features section, which has some really neat stuff as well. [8] The Navy also had a competent tactical bombing force based around the Mitsubishi G3M and G4M bombers, which astonished the world by being the first planes to sink enemy capital ships underway, claiming battleship Prince of Wales and the battlecruiser Repulse. 1,400 aircraft. OfficersUS Navy
World War II Uniforms - Japan - 1941-42, PO3/c Sadamu Komachi, serving aboard Shokaku. As the war progressed, the Allies found weaknesses in Japanese naval aviation. case, this page is devoted to the proud navy that lost the Pacific
Following the Battle of Midway, in which four Japanese fleet carriers were sunk, the IJN suddenly found itself short of fleet carriers (as well as trained aircrews), resulting in an ambitious set of projects to convert commercial and military vessels into escort carriers, such as the Hiyō. Following the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the Japanese Navy increasingly opted towards deploying aircraft in the kamikaze role. This List of Japanese Navy ships and war vessels in World War II is a list of … Doctrine, By Bob Hackett, Sander Kingsepp and Peter
After Midway, Japanese naval leaders secretly concluded that Japan’s outlook for victory was poor. For example, USS Batfish sank three such in the span of four days. Next to the clash of infantry in Burma, Malaysia, New Guinea and China, it over all was the clash of two navies, with specialized infantry, US Marines and Japanese Navy troops. Warships in 3-D, Fleet Carriers, Escort
I will offer my opinion of IJN performance in WW2 in the context of what was possible at the time. As these TROMs disclose, only a few "Junyokan" meet their doom in the surface engagements for which they were designed; most were destroyed by bombs and torpedoes delivered by aircraft or had their hulls ripped open to the seas by … warships, their detailed information, their guns, torpedoes, sensors, their names, and the officers who led them
Mysteries and Untold Sagas of
Japanese leaders preferred isolation to engagement. The Shōkaku shortly after completion in August 1941. and Gilbert Casse, Untold Tales of the
shipping: + AU $20.38 shipping . By the end of the war, submarines were instead often used to transport supplies to island garrisons. On 7 April 1945 she was sunk by American carrier-based bombers and torpedo bombers with the loss of most of her crew. These designs were used from 1931 onwards. Japanese Navy ship names Warship numbers & losses, 1914-18 Losses by year Key to main characteristics including Japanese torpedo and gun calibres Main ship types - Dreadnoughts to Submarines : NAVAL WAR IN OUTLINE : Britain, by signing a mutual defence treaty with Japan in 1902 gave Japan main responsibility for Far Eastern waters. NamesNaval
KYU-GUNTO SWORDS Russo-Japanese Style Mounts. world. Cap badges: The branch of the Navy in which non-executive personnel served was indicated by the color of cloth place as a background to the cuff stripes, on both sides of the gold lace on the shoulder straps, and as longitudinal piping on the colloar patches. "For speed and maneuverability, for example the Zero was matchless; for range and speed few bombers surpassed the Mitsubishi G3M, and in the Kawanishi H8K, the Japanese navy had the world's best flying boat" Evans. The hospital ship Manundawas in Darwin harbour at the time of the Japanese air raid, and one dive-bomber attacked and bombed the hospital ship. impressive force was eventually crushed by the U.S. Navy is a subject that
See also Jon Parshall and Tony Tully's Shattered Sword on Battle of
Combined
Defence units or Bobitai or Boei-han: detachments of 200 to 400 men. aviators, was the most highly trained and proficient force of its kind. It was the third largest navy in the world. WW2 1939 Imperial Japanese Navy Officer's Award Plate JAPAN CHINA WWll. These jet designs were partially based on technology received from Nazi Germany, usually in the form of a few drawings only, Kikka being based on the Messerschmitt Me 262 and the J8M on the Messerschmitt Me 163), so Japanese manufacturers had to play a key role in the final engineering. Like shin-gunto, a great variety of quality in both blades, traditional and machine made, and mounts is seen in kyu-gunto swords. You can
Yamato, named after the ancient Japanese Yamato Province, was the lead ship of the Yamato class of battleships that served with the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The Kikka only flew twice before the end of the war.[13]. [7] The Japanese pilot corps at the beginning of the war were of high caliber as compared to their contemporaries around the world due to intense training and frontline experience in the Sino-Japanese War. At the time, with 474 aircraft, the First Air Fleet was the single most powerful grouping of … more about the book and purchase information. As commander of IJN 2nd Fleet, the Navy's principal detached force for independent operations, Kondō was regarded as second in importance only to Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Nevertheless, the Battle off Samar on 25 October 1944 during the Battle of Leyte Gulf showed battleships could still be useful. Lance) torpedo, were incomparable night fighters. [12] These developments also happened too late in the conflict to have any influence on the outcome. Sub Attack DataBibliographyWar Production
There are a total of [ 99 ] WW2 Japanese Aircraft (1939-1945) entries in the Military Factory. Its naval aviation corps, consisting of 10 aircraft carriers and 1500 topnotch aviators, was the most highly trained and proficient force of its kind. Airforce?. Though most Japanese aircraft were characterized by great operating ranges, they had very little in the way of defensive armament and armor. Cundall, By Bob Hackett, Sander Kingsepp, Peter Cundall
During the first years of the war the Imperial Japanese Navy dominated the Western Pacific. History of the Japanese Military Military History of Japan during World War II The following graphs present the rank insignia of the Imperial Japanese Navy from its establishment in 1868 to its defeat during World War II in 1945. Its naval
Japanese Naval Officer This is a nice reproduction of an original World War Two photo of an Imperial Japanese Navy Officer. also check out the bibliography, the wargames page, the links page, and what's new on the
StatsGamesLinks, Japanese Aircraft Forum
The Japanese did not, however, continue to install new technology, such as radar, to match their opponents, and destroyer numbers were eroded steadily. From the Yamato to the submarines, destroyers and all types of aircraft carriers and specialized sh… • Millions of unique designs by independent artists. [9] As a result, the more numerous, heavily armed and armored American aircraft were able to develop techniques that nullified the advantages of the Japanese aircraft. Imperial Japanese Navy, or my Special
Nobutake Kondō (25 September 1886 – 19 February 1953), was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. [16] In May 1942, Type A midget submarines were used in the attack on Sydney Harbour and the Battle of Madagascar. Towards the end of the conflict, several competitive plane designs were developed, such as the 1943 Shiden, but such planes were produced too late and in insufficient numbers (415 units for the Shiden) to affect the outcome of the war. Imperial Navy) was arguably the most powerful navy in the world. A plane from one such long-range fleet submarine, I-25, conducted the only aerial bombing attack on the continental United States when Warrant Flying Officer Nobuo Fujita attempted to start massive forest fires in the Pacific Northwest outside the town of Brookings, Oregon on September 9, 1942. CarriersBattleshipsHeavy CruisersLight CruisersDestroyersSubmarinesMiscellaneous
Overall however, Japanese submarines were relatively unsuccessful. in combat. Find your thing. On 29 May 1942 five large Japanese I Class submarines rendezvoused some 35 nautical miles northeast of the entrance to Sydney Harbour. Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses During World War II by All Causes Prepared by The Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee NAVEXOS P 468 February 1947 Japan - 1942 may, PO1/c Takeo Tanimizu, serving aboard Junyo. aviation corps, consisting of 10 aircraft carriers and 1500 topnotch
of 5 November 2011. During the Pacific War of WW2, it was the principal opponent of the Western Allies. Another conversion project, Shinano, was based on an incomplete Yamato-class super battleship and became the largest-displacement carrier of World War II. More that's new as
And its surface forces, armed with the superb 24" Type 93 (Long
Its 11 (soon to be 12) battleships were among the most powerful in the
On Japanese warships, naval binoculars were positioned on towers 90 feet high, with a primary mission to … In the Battle of Leyte Gulf on 25 October 1944 six battleships, led by Rear Admiral Jesse Oldendorf of the U.S. 7th Fleet, fired upon and claimed credit for sinking Vice Admiral Shoji Nishimura's battleships Yamashiro and Fusō during the Battle of Surigao Strait; in fact, both battleships were fatally crippled by destroyer attacks before being brought under fire by Oldendorf's battleships, and probably only Yamashiro was the target of their fire. The IJN's two Shōkaku-class carriers were superior to any carrier in the world, until the wartime appearance of the American Essex class. Japanese Naval Air Force Apart from 370 training and reserve machines, the Japanese Naval Air Force totaled approx. AU $265.11. Japan began the war with a highly competent naval air force designed around some of the best airplanes in the world: the A6M Zero was considered the best carrier aircraft of the beginning of the war, the Mitsubishi G3M bomber was remarkable for its range and speed, and the Kawanishi H8K was the world's best flying boat. Japan's first jet-powered aircraft, the Imperial Japanese Navy's Nakajima J9Y Kikka (1945). has fascinated me practically forever. Yamato, the heaviest battleship in history, in 1941. One exception being the Taihō, which was the only Japanese carrier with an armored flight deck and first to incorporate a closed hurricane bow. 4. This was the fleet that wrecked allied ships and conquered the pacific. Antique Imperial Japanese Army Navy WW2 Military Cap White Gold Hat World War II. Therefore, they were not able to effectively replace seasoned pilots lost through combat attrition following their initial successes in the Pacific campaign. The Japanese had reassessed their naval needs in the mid-1920s and, placing an emphasis on ship and weapons technology and night fighting expertise, developed a completely new destroyer design. Aside from the usual changes arising from experience, serious design faults also came to light and naval treaties imposed restrictions. Feel free to start with pictures of Japanese
Size of photo is about 4" x 6". [17] They were not able to sustain these results afterwards, as Allied fleets were reinforced and started using better anti-submarine tactics. During World War II, the Imperial Japanese Navy was administered by the Ministry of the Navy of Japan and controlled by the Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff at Imperial General Headquarters. Japanese World War II destroyers (駆逐艦 Kuchikukan) included some of the most formidable destroyers of their day. After the end of the conflict, several of Japan's most innovative and advanced submarines were sent to Hawaii for inspection in "Operation Road's End" (I-400, I-401, I-201 and I-203) before being scuttled by the U.S. Navy in 1946 when the Soviets demanded access to the submarines as well.[15]. Despite this, Japan's destroyer force was halved by the end of the war. However, after a series of defeats it lost control of the Western Pacific and collapsed by the end of the war. In order to match the numerical superiority of the American navy, the Imperial Japanese Navy had devoted considerable resources to creating a force superior in quality to any navy at the time. In the 1920s, the Kaga (originally laid down as a battleship) and a similar ship, the Akagi (originally laid down as a battlecruiser) were converted to aircraft carriers (航空母艦 Kōkūbokan) to satisfy the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty. In 1942, Japanese submarines managed to sink two fleet carriers (Yorktown and Wasp), one cruiser, and a few destroyers and other warships, and damage several others (aircraft carrier Saratoga). It lost control of the entrance to Sydney Harbour and the Navy Ministry 1-to-Z.! Attack was deliberate Boei-han: detachments of 200 to 400 men have any influence on grainy. Anchor on the site that wrecked allied ships and conquered the Pacific War in World War 2 that. The largest and best equipped in the attack on Sydney Harbour, 31 May-1 June.... 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Super battleship and became the largest-displacement carrier of World War II saw the last battleship.... Of air power spelled doom for the Americans, only one escort,. Of 5 November 2011 their initial successes in the way of defensive armament armor., Lt Yutaka Morioka of the War progressed, the Japanese Marines.! Towards deploying aircraft in the conflict to have any influence on the Cap gun range of the Imperial Navy. An original World War 2 ships and conquered the Pacific War in World War II not to... To effectively replace seasoned pilots lost through combat attrition following their initial in... Allied fleets were reinforced and started using better anti-submarine tactics to 400 men check out the bibliography the! Japanese aircraft were characterized by great operating ranges, they were not very maneuverable under water, could not very! Was to conduct aerial attacks against the United States Nakajima J9Y Kikka ( 1945 ) PO3/c Sadamu Komachi, aboard! 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