Note: The Old Norse code only work in Word for Windows. The alphabetical order is: a, , b, d, , e, , f, g, h, i, , j, k, l, m, n, o, , p, r, s, t, u, , v, y, , x, z, , , , /. See the detailed instructions on the ALT Code How To for complete information on implementing the code. The majority of these inscription have been found in Denmark and Sweden, and they are written in a language much more archaic than Old Norse. I mostly modeled mine after my plain looking Google keyboard, so I had an easier time. Unique Female Names From The Viking Age travels, abroad, cybercaf, mail, email, messages, PC, computer, keyboard. If you use long marks, Unicode (utf-8) is the required encoding for Web sites. (On Windows 10 machines, thats WINDOWSKEY+SPACE. Elov m Swedish (Rare) Variant of Elof. Younger Fuark: ( ) Old Norse is a member of the Germanic family of languages, which also includes English, German, and several other languages that are widely spoken today. Tuesday - named after Tyr, god of war, whose sacrifice helped bind Fenrir. Hann ekr vagninum um himininn. To type directly with the computer keyboard: Type a=, e=, i=, o=, u=, y= to add a macron: , . Many modern texts use American style quotes, but if you wish to include European style quote marks, here are the codes. The word bane has come to be fairly archaic in English, used mainly in frozen expressions like "the bane of my existence.". It's worth mentioning here that the word "Viking" means "pirate raid" in Old Norse. It was the language of the Vikings or Norsemen. Numbers | So by clicking on these links you can help to support this site. Verbs were inflected for tense, mood, person, and number. Old Norse was a North Germanic language once spoken in Scandinavia, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and in parts of Russia, France and the British Isles and Ireland. Futhark eventually got replaced with Latin letters when the Nordic countries became Christians. Old Norse and Norwegian are related languages: Old Norse is the ancestral language from which Norwegian is derived. Getting to know some of the main types or features of reasonably . This section presents information specific to Latin. Old Norse is an important and well-attested source of medieval Germanic literature. More than 230 keyboards and 100 countries ! At the time, the Scandinavian region all spoke regional dialects of Old Norse. Tower of Babel | For other uses, see, "" redirects here. Here, a linguist who specializes in Old Norse gives a window into ho. The lowercase (minuscule) version has retained the curved shape of a medieval scribe's d, which d itself in general has not. In the Faroese alphabet, follows d. In Olav Jakobsen Hyem's version of Nynorsk based on Trndersk, was always silent, and was introduced for etymological reasons. Learning or teaching Old Norse is easy with The Viking Language Series. beztr (also baztr) superl adj of gr best, bija vb (V) to ask, request; beg; command, tell; wish; bija [e-n] [e-s] ask [sb] for [sth]; bija gera command to be made, bifask <-i, -r also -a-> vb mid (1) to shake, tremble, quake; be moved, Bifrst f Bifrost, rainbow bridge that connects Migarr and sgarr, binda vb (III) to bind, tie, fasten; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda [e-u] bind to [sth], bind on [sth], ba vb (I) [w gen] to wait for, remain, abide; [w acc] suffer, undergo, bta vb (I) to bite, bite through; rip apart, bjarga vb (III)[w dat] to save, help, Bjarnardttir f Bjorns daughter (personal name), Bjarnarfjrr m Bjorns Fjord (place name), bjartr adj bright, bja vb (II) [w acc] to offer; [w dat] invite; order, command; bja [e-m] stt offer [sb] reconciliation; bja [e-n] [e-m] at stt offer [sth] to [sb] for reconciliation, bjrn m bear, Bjrn m Bjorn (personal name); Bjrn buna Bjorn buna, blanda vbmix, blend, blanda [e-t][e-u] mix [sth] with [sth]; also blanda [e-u] vi [e-t], blr adj blue; dark, black; bltnn (nickname) Bluetooth, blsa vb (VII) to blow, Bleking f Blekinge, Denmark (place name), now part of Sweden, bl n blood; blx (nickname) Bloodaxe, blta vb (VII)[w acc] to worship; worship with sacrifice; [w dat] sacrifice, sacrifice in worship, blta <-a> vb (1) [w acc] to worship; worship with sacrifice; [w dat] sacrifice, sacrifice in worship; curse, blunda <-a> vb (1) to shut the eyes, doze, boa <-a-> vb (1) to proclaim, preach at boa kristni to preach Christianity; [w dat] order, summon, bokki (also bkki) m buck, fellow (used as a manner of address); bokki sll my good fellow, good sir, boss, bor f board, plank; side of a ship ship (larboard and starboard); board, table; board, food, upkeep; bor on one side (of a ship), borg f stronghold, fortification; town, borgarmar m garrisoned soldier; townsman, bgr m shoulder of an animal, bndi (also bandi & bandi) m husband; farmer; head of a household, bt f bettering, cure, remedy; adornment; pl compensation, atonement; at btum as atonement, Brattahl f Brattahlid (place name), Steep-Slope, brgrr adj matured early in life, precocious, brr adj sudden; hot-tempered, hasty, brtt adv soon, suddenly; brtt er as soon as, brega vb (III) [w dat] to move quickly; draw, brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; break off, leave off, give up; brega vi [e-u] to ward off with, parry with [sth]; bregask mid fail, come to nothing; bregask [e-m] deceive, disappoint [sb]; bregask [e-t] shapechange, turn into [sth], breia <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to spread; stretch; display, Breiablik n Breidablik, hall of the god Baldr (place name), Breiafjarardalir m pl Dales of Breidafjord (place name), Breiafjrr m Breidafjord, Broad Fjord (place name), breiara comp adv of breitt, more broadly, brenna vb intrans (III) to burn, bresta vb (III) to burst, break, crash; bresta nir crash down, brjta vb (II) tobreak, break up, break open; brjtask mid of brjta; brjtask til rkis fight for the kingdom; see brauzt; brauzk, Brodd-Helgi <-s> m Spike-Helgi (personal name), brott (also (/) brottu, burt & () braut) adv away, off, brir m brother, brurgjld n pl wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead brother, br f bridge; causeway built over swampy ground, brr f bride; poet woman, bryggja f pier; dock; quay, gangway [sometimes carried on ships]; in some instances, a bridge in the pl as a series of piers with pilings forming a long gangway, byggja (also byggva) vb (2) to settle; occupy; inhabit, dwell, brytimsteward, person in charge of food supply; bailiff, buna f buna (nickname of uncertain meaning, perhaps one with ungartered stockings, i.e., hanging down his leg), Buri m Buri (personal name), grandfather of Odin, burluftr m clumsy-foot (meaning uncertain), b (also b) n home, house, household; farm; estate, ba vb (VII) to live (in a place), dwell, inhabit, live; prepare, make ready; arrange; bask mid prepare, get oneself ready; bask til [e-s] prepare oneself for [sth]; bask um make oneself secure, prepare, Bseyra f Buseyra, a giantess killed by Thor, b (var of b) n home, house, household; farm; estate, bi adv both; bi ok conj both and, br (also br) m farm, farmhouse, farmstead; landed estate; town, bta <-tti, -ttr> vb (2) to better, make compensation, Bvarr <-s> m Bodvar (personal name); Bvarr Bjarki one of King Hrolfs champions, blvasmir m contriver of mischief, misfortune, Blorn <-s> m Bolthorn, Thorn of Bad Luck, father of Bestla, Brr m Bor (personal name), son of Buri and father of Odin, dagr m day; dag today; um daginn eptir (on) the day after, the next day; lifetime, Dala-Kollson m son of Dala-Koll (Kollr personal name), Koll of the Dales from Dalir), Dalir m pl (Dalir, place name) Dales; dala gen pl of dalir; Dalar pl nom an old form of the word, dalr m valley, dale, Danavirki n Danevirke (place name) Wall of the Danes, fortification across southern Jutland, Danmarkar gen of Danmrk; Danmarkarbt (nickname) Denmarks Adornment, Betterment, Enhancement, Dinsleif f Dainsleif, name of Hognis sword, Dains Inheritance, detta vb (III) to drop, fall, deyja vb (VI) to die, djarfr adj bold, daring, dmr <-s, -ar> m court; judgement (whether favorable or unfavorable); renown, dttir f daughter, draga vb (VI) topull, draw, drag; dragask mid move, draw oneself, be drawn, draumr <-s, -ar> m dream; henda mikit gaman at draumum take great interest in dreams, dreifa <-i, -r> vb (2) to spread, scatter; dreifask mid be spread out, drekka vb (III) to drink, drekkja <-ti, -tr> vb (2) [w dat] to submerge; fig suppress; impers [e-m] drekkir [sb] is drowned, drepa vb (V) to slay, kill, smite; strike, beat, knock; drepa [e-u] [e-t] stick [sth] into [sth], dreyma <-i~di, -t> vb (2) [w acc subj and obj] to dream; [e-n] dreymr [e-t] impers [sb] dreams [sth], dreyra <-i, -t> vb (2) to bleed, ooze (of blood from a slight wound), drfa vb trans (I) to drive; intrans crowd, throng, drift, hurry, drjpa vb (II) to drip, drttinn m lord, drttning f queen, duga <-i, dugat> vb (4) to do; show prowess; suffice, fare duga verr fare worse (in a contest); be useful, dvelja vb (3) to slow, stop, dynja vb (3) to din, thunder, resound, whir, whizz; pour, shower, dyrr f pl door, doorway, dgg f dew, Dkklfar (also Dkklfar; sg -alfr) m pl Dark Elves, dkkr adj dark, ea (also er) conj or; (introducing a question) but, efri (also fri) comp adj upper, inner; latter, efstr (also fstr) superl adj uppermost, innermost; last, eggja <-a-> vb (1) to incite, goad, egg on, urge, Egill m Egil (personal name), Egilsstair m pl Egilsstadir (place name) Egils Farmstead, eiga <, tti, ttr> pret-pres vb to own, have, possess; marry, be married or related to; aux must, owe, be obligated, have to, need to; eiga ragr take council, eigna <-a-> vb (1) to attribute, dedicate; mid eignask get, claim, take, become the owner of, einheri <-ja, -jar> m great champion (addressing Thor); einherjar pl slain warriors who dwell in Valhll, einn num one; indef pro a, an; a certain one; adj alone (when placed after the noun it modifies, einn can take on the meaning only); some; merely, einnhverr adj pron some, someone, a certain one; (usu as two words, einn hverr) each, each one; einnhvern dag one day, einvaldi m sole ruler, monarch, sovereign, Eirksfjrr m Eiriksfjord (place name), Eiriks Fjord, eitthvat adj pron some, something, a certain one, ekkert late var of engi/enginn (n nom/acc sg), eld(a)sklimfire hall, main hall of a long house, where benches used for sitting and sleeping were warmed by a long fire that ran the length of the hall and was used for cooking, elding f last part of the night before dawn, elfr f great river, Elfrr inn rki m Alfred the Great (personal name), ellifu (also ellefu) num eleven, ellztr (also elztr, elstr) superl of gamall, oldest, eldest, elska <-a> vb (1) tolove; elskask love one another, elskask at [e-m] grow fond of [sb], en conj but; and (in a contrastive sense); [w comp] than, enda conj and; and if; even; even if; and also, and so; and yet; by the way, engi indef pron no one, none, no; engir menn no one, enskis (also engis~enkis) m/n gen sg of engi, eptir (also ept) prep [w acc] after (in time); in memory of; [w dat] after, along; according to; eptir landinu along the coast; adv after, afterwards, behind; standa eptir or vera eptir stay back, remain behind; eptir etta after that, afterward, eptri (also aptari) comp adj farther back; latter, epztr (also aptastr) superl adj farthest back; last, er (older es) rel particle who, which, that; conj and adv when; where; ar er there where; while; as, at, r/r pl pron of you; r = r; see r, erendi (also rendi, erindi) n errand, mission, its result, erfa <-i, -r> vb (2) to throw a funeral feast; inherit, erja vb (3) to plough; scratch, scrape, ey f island, eya <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to waste; spend; do away with, destroy; make empty; eyask mid be squandered, come to naught, eygr adj -eyed, having eyes of a certain kind, eyrir m ounce of silver or gold, eyrr (also eyri) f gravelly riverbank; small spit of land running into the sea, Eyrbyggjar m pl Settlers of Eyri (place name, see eyrr), Eystribygg f Eastern Settlement (place name), part of Norse Greenland, fair m father, fagr adj beautiful, fair, attractive, fala <-a-> vb to demand for purchase; fala [e-t] af [e-m] to offer to buy [sth] from [sb], Falhfnir m Falhofnir (personal name) Hidden-hoof (hidden by hair), or Pale-hoof, horse of the sir, falla vb (VII) tofall; be killed; fallask mid fail, fara vb (VI) to go, travel; move; fara at go, proceed; put an end to; fara fr leave, back off, back away, f vb (VII) to get, obtain, take, procure; grasp; give; deliver; get a chance to, be allowed to, be able to; [w gen] marry, fekk konu got married, lit got a wife; f gar vitkur receive a good welcome, Ffnir m Fafnir, a son of Hreidmar who turns himself into a dragon, brother of Regin, fla f witch, hag; frightener (nickname), fr adj pron few; cold, reserved; ftt manna few men, lit few of men, fegr comp adv of fagrt more beautifully, more fairly, fegrstr superl adj of fagr most beautiful, most fair, most attractive, fela vb (IV) to hide, conceal, fen n a fen, a quagmire, bog, swamp; a wide deep pool, fer f journey; conduct, behavior, ferma <-da, -dr> vb (2) to load, ferma [e-t] me [e-u] load [sth] with [sth], feti m strider, stepper, pacer (name for a horse), f n cattle, sheep; livestock; wealth, money; can include property, flagimpartner, comrade, companion, friend, fim(m)tn num fifteen, fingr m finger, finna vb (III) tofind; discover; come across; finnask mid be found, be perceived, noticed; impers [w dat subj] be found, perceived, noticed by [sb]; fannsk mnnum or um, and people commented on/about, fjaralauss adj without feathers, featherless, fjara f ebb-tide, ebb; shore, beach, fjarri adv far off, fjrir num four, fjrtn num fourteen, fjl f multitude; poet [w gen] plenty of, fjlkyngifmagic, the black art, witchcraft, sorcery, fjlmennr adj in a large group, numerous; with many people, well-attended, fjlmennt adv in crowds, in large numbers, fjrr m fjord, fjrlausn f ransom for ones life; release from life, flaki m wicker-work shield, barrier, or covering, flakka <-a-> vb (1) toroam, wander about (as a shepherd with his sheep), flaska f flask; flsku-skegg bottle-beard (nickname); flsku-bakr bottle-back (nickname), fl vb (VI) to flay; strip (of clothes and of money), fleinn m pike, spear; dart, shaft; fluke of an anchor, fljta vb (II) tofloat; skipit flaut the ship floated (at anchor), fljga vb (II) to fly, fylgja <-di~i, -dr, r> vb [w dat] to follow, accompany; help, side/go with, flytja vb (3) to convey, move, carry; bring, deliver; tell, recite, formar (pl formenn) mcaptain, leader, chieftain, lit fore-man, formlimstipulation, condition; preamble, foreword, preface, forr n administration, management; til forra for rulership, Flkar (also Flkvarr) <-ar> m Folkad (personal name), fstr n fostering of a child; taka til fstrs take as a foster child; vera at fstri be a foster-child, be in a fostering relationship, ftr m foot, foot and leg, fram adv forward; further on, framan adv from the front; framan hann in his face, framar (also fremr) comp adv of fram farthest forward, framast (also fremst) superl adv of fram farthest forward, frami m courage, boldness; fame, distinction; luck, advantage, fr prep [w dat] from; about; adv away, away from; fr away; aan fr from that point onward, fregna vb (V) to hear of, be informed; ask; frk (fr ek) I heard, freista <-a-> vb (1) [w gen] to try, make trial of, frest n delay, respite; lj [e-m] fresta give [sb]; respite, Freyds f Freydis (personal name), frr adj beautiful, handsome, fine, frumvaxta adj indecl in ones prime, early come into ones prime, full-grown, frndi m kinsman, relative, friend, Frysteinn (also Freysteinn) <-s> m Froystein (personal name), fuglardd (fuglsrdd))f speech of birds (speech of a bird), fundr <-ar, -ir> m meeting; gathering; finding, discovery; koma fund [e-s] come to a meeting with [sb], fss adj eager fss [e-s] eager for [sth], fylg f help, support; guidance; party, followers, fylgja vb (2) [w dat] to accompany; follow; help, side with, fylkja <-ti, -t> vb (2) [w dat] to draw up (in battle array), fylla <-di, -dr> vb (2) to fill; complete; fulfill, fyrir (also fyr) prep [w acc/dat] before, in front of; along; against; before, preceding, ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; because of; instead of; by, by means of; [w acc only] in spite of, against; [w dat only] at the head of (leading); fyrir bor overboard; fyrir fram [w acc] forward; fyrir innan [w acc] inside; fyrir nean [w acc] below; fyrir ofan [w acc] above; fyrir tan [w acc] outside; out beyond; fyrir adv ahead, in front, before; first, before; at hand, present; vera ar fyrir be there present; fyrir v at conj because; [of place] fyrir austan in the east; east of; fyrir vestan in the west; [of time] fyrra vetr last winter; ltill fyrir sr insignificant, fyrirbja <-br, -bau, -buu, -boinn> vb (II)to forbid, fyr(ir)nema <-nemr, -nam, -nmu, -numinn> vb (IV) to deprive one of speech, make silent, fyrr comp adv before, previously, sooner; at first; fyrr en conj before, sooner than, until, fyrri comp adj former, previous; comp adv (= fyrr) before, previously, sooner; rather than, fddisk 2/3sg past of fask was born; grew up, fa <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to feed; rear, bring up; fa upp bring up; fask mid grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fask upp grow up, be brought up; fask vi [e-t] to live on [sth], fra <-i, -r> vb (2) to bring, present, convey, send, give, furmir m fathers mother, grandmother, gala vb (VI) to scream; howl; crow; chant, gamall adj old, gaman n game, sport; pleasure, enjoyment, delight, joy, Gamli m Gamli, the Old One (personal name), ganga vb (VII) to walk; go; ganga af leave, go from; ganga [e-t] encroach upon [sth]; ganga til go up to, go toward, ganga f walk, go, move, course, procession, Gangleri m Gangleri (mythological name) Wanderer, false name adopted by the Swedish king Gylfi, garr <-s, -ar> m enclosed space, yard; fence; court; stronghold, castle, garpr <-s, -ar> m bold, daring, courageous, or warlike man or woman, gata f way, path, road, gaumr m attention, heed; gefa at [e-u] gaum pay attention to [sth], gefa vb (V) togive, grant, gegnum (also gegnum, ggnum) prep [w acc] through, geldingr <-s, -ar> m wether, gelded sheep, gera (also gra) <-i, -r > vb (2) to make; do, act; gera sr mikit um [e-n] make much of or admire [sb]; gerask mid become, come to pass, occur, happen, geta vb (V) to get; beget [w gen] speak of, mention; [hon] man lta getit [she] will have it told; ess er getit impers it is told; [w ppart of another verb] be able to; geta veiddan fisk be able to catch fish; impers [w dat subj] getask at [e-m/e-u] like, love [sb/sth], geyja <3pl past g> defective vb to bark; geyja [e-n] abuse [sb], gildr adj worthy, great; of full value; [w dat] valued at, Giml m Gimle, hall inhabited by Light Elves, Ginnlaug <-ar> f Ginnlaug (personal name), Ginnungagap n Ginnungagap, yawning or gaping void, primeval void from which the world is created, gipta <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to give away in marriage, Gizurr m Gizur (personal name) Gizurr inn hvti Gizur the White, gna vb (I)to gape, yawn, gjald n tribute; payment; reward; compensation; wergeld, gjalda vb (III)to pay, repay; give; [w gen] pay for, suffer on account of, gjalla vb (III) to yell, scream, Gjallarbr f Gjallarbru (place name) Gjll Bridge, bridge on the way to Hel, Gjallarhorn n Gjallarhorn, Yelling Horn, horn blown by the god Heimdall to announce the beginning of Ragnarok, gjarna (also gjarnan) adv eagerly, willingly, very much, gjsa vb (II) to gush, burst out; erupt, Glenr m Glen (personal name)horse of the sir or the husband of Sl (Sun), Glitnir m Glitnir, silver hall belonging to the god Forseti, gla <-a-> vb (1) to glow, shine, glitter, glymja vb (3) to dash noisily, clatter, rattle, clash, gnesta vb (III) to crack, clash, Gnitaheir f Gnitaheath, the health where Fafnir, as a dragon, lies upon great wealth, gna vb (VII) to rub, go n god, one of the pagan gods (see also gu), Gormr <-s> m Gorm, first king of the Jelling dynasty in Denmark (personal name), gr adj good, graungr (also griungr) <-s, -ar> m bull, grafa vb (VI) to dig, Grgs f Grey-Goose, laws of early Iceland, grta vb (VII) to weep, cry, greia <-ddi, ddr> vb (2) to comb, unravel; prepare; speed, hasten; pay, grey n dog, greyhound; bitch, grimmastr superl of grimmr most cruel, mose severe, gripr <-ar, -ir> m (costly) thing, treasure, Grmnir <-s> m Grimnir (personal name) Masked One, one of Odins names, grpa vb (I)to grasp, seize, gra vb (VII) to grow; heal, grund f green field; ground; poet the earth, green earth; Atals grund land of Atal (kenning for sea), grunnr <-s, -ar> m bottom (of the sea or other body of water), gra (also gra) <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to make grow; heal; increase, grf f pit; grave, grptr (also grftr) m digging, burial, gu m God; n god, one of the pagan gods, usu used in pl (see also go), Gubjrg f Gudbjorg (personal name), Gubrandr <-s> m Gudbrand (personal name), gullhyrndr adj golden-horned, with horns of gold, Gulltoppr m Gulltopp (personal name) Gold Tuft or Gold Mane, horse of the sir, Gunnhildr f Gunnhild (personal name), Gunnlaugr <-s> m Gunnlaug (personal name), gyldr adj gilded; hafi gyldan hjlm had a gilded/golden helmet, Gylfi m Gylfi, king in Sweden, name of a Viking (personal name), Gyllir m Golden or Yeller (mythological name) horse of the sir and a jtunn name, Gyrgir m Gyrgir, Greek general Georgios Maniakes, Grr f Gyrid (personal name), gfumunr m difference in fortune, turn or shift of luck, gta vb (4) [w gen] to watch, tend, take care of, gfugr adj noble, gltr m boar, hog, Gngu-Hrlfr m Hrolf the Walker (personal name), gra (also gera, grva) vb (2), grr (also gerr, grr) adj and ppart of gra; accomplished, skilled; done, haf n sea, the high sea; vestr um haf westwards over the sea, hafa vb (2) to have; hold, keep; take; hafa [e-t] hendi hold [sth] in ones hand; hafa [e-t] me sr take, bring [sth] with one; hafask mid live, dwell; hafask at occupy oneself with [sth], do, undertake, HafrsfjrrmHafrsfjord (place name); Hafrsfiri in Hafrsfjord, hagr m state, condition, affairs; fate; means.