Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. The coastal federal states of Nigeria are Ogun, Lagos, Ondo, Edo, Delta, Bayelsa, Rivers, Akwa Ibom, and Cross Rivers States, found in the southern part of the country. In the coastal demersal fish fishery, the trawling industry is well developed and organized under the Nigerian Trawler Owners’ Association (NITOA). Harnessing Research that makes a difference, Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, Pan-Africa project to focus on fish trade potential, Paper to UN highlights implications of climate change for fish production, Innovative program to boost African fish trade and improve livelihoods, Genetic improvement: Dissemination of GIFT tilapia and improved catfish strains, Influencing youth and gender policies to increase women and youth participation and benefits derived from aquaculture and aquaculture-related activities, Promoting consumption of fish by pregnant and lactating women, and by infants; and reducing postharvest waste and loss in fish value chains, Integrating and enhancing the role of fish in domestic and regional trade. Ornamental fish farming . Aquaculture is a fast growing sector in Nigeria contributing not less than 5% of the total fish supply but at a growth rate of about 2% per year (Moses, 2006). Fish requires high quality nutritionally balanced diet for growth and market size in the shortest possible time. During this period, there were some programs aimed at increased fish production through input supply at subsidized rates, technology transfer, and revolving loan schemes among fishermen [48]. The two subdivisions are the nursery and the grow-out pond operation. Although conscious efforts at developing the nation’s fisheries could be said to have started in 1941, there was no real national fisheries policy in place. Therefore, a successful fish production business requires good planning from the onset. The relevance of the fisheries sector to the Nigeria economy and benefits derived by Nigerians from fish and other fish products led to the high consumption and hence the increased demand for fisheries products. WorldFish will draw on its involvement and support from the African Union InterAfrican Bureau of Animal Resources to deliver this work. In spite of this high potential, domestic fish production still falls far below the total demand, which was estimated at 2.2 million metric tons per year in 2008. WorldFish aims to harness this experience, combined with its expertise in fish genetics, to boost aquaculture productivity and enhance nutrition and food security in Nigeria. It was the outcome of artisanal fishers’ complaints that industrial fishing trawlers were destroying their fishing nets [50]. Olaoye et al. Based on sources, the fish supply to meet the increasing fish demands by Nigerians is from two major groups, which are the domestic production of fish and importation of fish. The Niger Delta region is the oil producing area of Nigeria, which consists of highly diverse ecosystems that are supportive of numerous species of terrestrial and aquatic fauna and flora. It is notable that fish provides more than 60.0% of the world’s supply of protein, especially in developing countries [1]. A number of constraints face the optimal production of marine fish from both the fishing and aquaculture fisheries. The majority of this fish is consumed domestically, while around … This illustrates that the Nigerian fish production has been dominated by marine fisheries (fishing and aquaculture). Although capture fisheries has now been declining, Nigeria has a big potential in both marine and fresh water fisheries including aquaculture. About 180 metric tons of extruded floating fish feed is produced monthly representing about 2200 metric tons per year. The creation of the EEZ also set into motion its own dynamic system leading to compliance and enforcement problems. No fishing vessels (except canoes) shall fish within the first 2 nautical miles of the waters of the Nigerian Continental Shelf. Since this chapter is only concerned with marine fisheries, brackish water and fresh water fisheries shall be neglected, while attention is being concentrated on marine fisheries in the context of industrial, artisanal, and culture fisheries. Based on the study of Vaughan et al. Through our partnership with the University of Ibadan we are providing scholarships to national students and supporting them to conduct research to understand the magnitude of cross-border trade flows between Nigeria and neighbouring states. The nursery operation is the basis for the grow-out operation and as such it cannot be operated without the nursery. The Sea Fisheries Act is an act to make provisions for the control, regulation, and protection of sea fisheries in the territorial waters of Nigeria [49]. In 2012, marine fisheries decreased to 104.1 million tons contributing only about 66.0%, while total marine fisheries increased to 106.5 million tons in 2013 contributing 65.3% to world fisheries production. Dumping of toxic waste in the sea and emptying of ballast water from ships into the sea are other human activities polluting the aquatic environment. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FISH PRODUCTION . The majority of this fish is consumed domestically, while around 10% is exported. This is due to a collaborative effort between private companies like Triton and research organizations like the Nigerian Institute for Oceanography (NIOMR), according to the West and Central Africa Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF).CORAF is Africa’s largest sub-regional research organization. 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