It’s dictated everything from my fashion choices to my diet, and it’s something I’m always working to improve. The debate on the optimum size of farms is very old, dating back at least to the end of the 19 th century, when most experts believed that ultimately agriculture would be like any other sectors of the economy and many authors spoke of the industrialization of agriculture. Small farms and alternative enterprises are important part of the local food systems that benefit our communities directly. In Central America, for instance, some industrial farms have come under fire for their low pay, long hours, and just plain inhumane working conditions. Part of the problem with the broad definition we use now is that it’s difficult to tell the difference between real farms and ones that exist only on paper. "Small-scale diversified farming is responsible for the lion's share of agriculture globally. The researchers found that small farms are distributed unequally across the country. Send petitions, emails, or tweets to world leaders. Tamar Haspel of the Washington Post explains that these types of farms are valuable because they contribute to a sense of community, “keep spaces open”, and they remind people that “food doesn’t just appear”. So in the end, the OTA’s 30-year-old prediction turned out to be correct — there are almost certainly fewer working farms today than there were, and especially fewer midsize farms. industrial livestock production concentrates large numbers of animals in one area. The answer is partly bureaucratic inertia. While most U.S. farms are small – 91 percent according to the Census of Agriculture – large farms ($250,000 and above) account for 85 percent of the market value of agricultural production. In 1990, small and medium-sized farms accounted for nearly half of all agricultural production in the US. Shipping food internationally is bad for environment (duh), Pretty sure this one is self-explanatory. MacDonald said that agricultural policymakers know consolidation is happening and they take that into account. She argues that both farms have a place in our society, they just need to work on a little self-improvement. ... Until the 20th century, farmers worked hard just to feed their families, which were often very large to provide the farm with more workers. There were 2.2 million farms in 1982, the OTA wrote. But that kind of operation isn’t what’s driving the growth of small farms. But subsequently that view was more and more challenged. The best I can do is lay out the information I have, and let you draw your own conclusions: 1. “The Farm Bill might be a bit harder to garner enough votes to be passed since there would be far fewer small farms to be counted and a perception that large farms don’t need government support,” Gray said. For one, large farms can afford fancy machinery. For farmers and their political supporters, there are probably benefits to the perception that there are lots of small farms scattered across the country, Gray said. Most farmers receive off-farm income, but small-scale operators depend on it As for the conscious consumer, I’ll just say this: I still stand by my belief that supporting small, local farms is best- when possible. Large-scale, industrial agriculture is often held up as the solution for feeding the world’s growing population. Meet other Global Citizens who care about the same issues you do. Farms with $250,000 to $1 million were considered “large.” More than $1 million in gross cash farm income qualified operations as “very large.” The two smaller categories account for 91 percent of all farms in the U.S. but only 23 percent of agricultural production, the report said. A soybean farm in Lost River, Indiana, USA. A combination of small local farms and mid-sized regional farms could potentially meet the food needs of Americans. 6. And who doesn’t love strolling through the farmers market? These numbers don’t represent a failure of the OTA’s predictive powers, but rather a great example of how the ways we measure things can stop being effective. For example, 74 percent of very large family farms (GCFI of $5 million or more) had estimated operating profit margins in excess of 10 percent of sales in 2015—compared to 54 percent of midsize family farms (GCFI of $350,000 to $999,999) and 41 percent of moderate-sales small family farms (GCFI of … So why not change the definition? The devil is in the methodology. BUT food that is shipped from other countries tends to be cheaper than food produced in the US, for example, A coffee farm worker in Cauca, southwestern Colombia. Small farms can work towards becoming more efficient, and large farms must do everything they can to limit their pollution. Large-scale family farms ($1 million or more in GCFI) make up about 3 percent of farms but 44 percent of the value of production. ), 7. Small farms are more flexible and better at adapting to local surrounding and changing conditions. But one of the most prominent measures of farm consolidation remains the number of farms — it’s right there in the first sentence of the Agricultural Census report. Compare properties, browse amenities and find your ideal property in Alabama Small farms that grow multiple crops are less efficient than large ones, A soybean farm in Lost River, Indiana, USA. Most small farms, in fact, aren’t really farms at all, at least not in the sense that those Kansas billboards mean. More importantly, this trend shows how a combination of inertia and political interests can make it hard to change a methodology even after it is clearly outdated. In 2012, there were more than 800,000, a 28 percent increase. Yet, if these farms did have a market, they would be able to supply food more locally than any large-scale, mono-cultured farm, and would also be able to feed more people more affordably than very small farms. For one, large farms can afford fancy machinery. Not like some of those industrial farms who exploit their workers, abuse their animals, and pollute our planet. “I’m right on the edge of being considered a farm because my yard would have almost the potential to create $1,000 in revenue. The billboards are still there, though. Let me know in the comments. Small Farms Research Center. Utility-scale solar farms can have a capacity of anywhere between 1 MW to 2,000 MW. There’s a potential legislative downside to changing the definition and a potential bureaucratic upside to leaving it alone. So these farms met that definition — as evidenced by their inclusion in Agricultural Census data — even if their actual sales were lower. I’ll never forget the first time I went apple picking in the fall. I thought it was just him, but a little research proved I was wrong again. The other big increase in small farms came in 1997, when the USDA changed the methodology by which it conducted the Agricultural Census, MacDonald said. Farmers Market in Santa Barbara, CA. At the same time, though, the OTA was right: Farm consolidation really did happen. That redistribution of farms would also result in a redistribution of certain kinds of federal funding for agriculture. In fact, the people who own them tend to have incomes above the median for America as a whole. Where possible, I’m using Agricultural Census data, but the OTA count of farms in 1982 appears not to be drawn from that. Maggie Koerth is a senior science writer for FiveThirtyEight. Keep updated on what they're doing to change the world. Today, agricultural experts track farm consolidation by looking at things like distributions comparing the size of farms, the number of farms in each size category and the share of available cropland being used by each category of farm. For example, a farm itself is defined by USDA as any operation selling $1,000 or more of agricultural products in a year. Before you do anything, make sure your local zoning department allows farming. The larger corporate farms might have more of a direct path to the grocery store shelves than the smaller farms. Basically, because large farms tend to grow fewer varieties of crops than smaller ones, they must rely on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to restore the soil. Which means that food grown on them is more expensive. 2. Farms with sales of $1 million or more account for nearly half of total farm production. 1 - 25 of 9,887 listings - Browse Alabama properties for sale on LandsOfAmerica. | Flickr: Cindy Cornett Seigle. (This is more of an international issue than a domestic one. So where does that leave us in the battle of small, local farms vs. large agribusiness? Large farms have a bad rep for exploiting their workers in order to turn a profit. Also, a lot of us have grown accustomed to eating our favorite foods year-round, even when they don’t naturally grow year-round or grow in the region where we live. | Flickr: Terry Straehley. Please contact us at contact@globalcitizen.org if you would like to re-activate your account. Different sources, even within the U.S. government, count farms using different methods and different schedules, so they produce inconsistent results. Those are the major points, and although obviously each is complicated, in aggregate, they boil down to this: Small farms are inefficient but are more likely to grow healthful … For a long time, the relatively low price of agricultural commodities meant that these issues didn’t have much of an effect on the farm count, according to James MacDonald, chief of the Structure, Technology and Productivity branch of the USDA’s Economic Research Service. Because industrial farms are larger and more efficient, they are able to sell their food for less. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! The phrase “small farm” probably calls to mind a world of produce stands, hayrides and artisanal goats. These new small farms can earn far greater income per dollar of sales than can conventional large farms. The census was always adjusted to account for farmers who didn’t respond to its surveys, but until 1997, it didn’t account for the accuracy of its own mailing lists. In the heavily agricultural 13th district alone, that could mean cutting the number of farms by more than half, to 8,000 from about 20,000.5 Some of those lost farms may be farms in name only, but others could be real operations that just don’t make much money. At the same time, larger farms grow different crops than smaller farms. Picking the apples directly from the trees made me appreciate and savor the fruit so much more- a completely different experience from mindlessly selecting apples at the supermarket. The average farm size is 434 acres as of 2012. That prediction was made by the Office of Technology Assessment in a 1986 report on the changing state of agricultural technologies. So, instead of telling you how to support small, local farmers, I’m telling you how to support sustainable and efficient agriculture across the globe. In fact there are many that treat their workers exceptionally well- it all depends on the farm, and the regulations that are in place. Extreme poverty ends with you. This means that crop x might be cheaper to grow abroad, in a region that’s better suited for it. Texas’ share of U.S. farms, for example, would drop by 3 percentage points. During that same time period, the number of very large farms — 2,000 acres or more — grew from 1.7 percent of all farms to 2.2 percent. Short answer, a couple of million bucks or more. Small, diversified farms are less efficient than large ones. Large farms are more efficient. A change in the definition of “farm” could leave states like Texas with less of that pie. In other words, a relative handful of big farms are getting even bigger, even though the amount of land being farmed stayed about the same. Many large residential properties, especially in states such as Tennessee and Texas, qualify as “farms” under the government’s official definition. “I own three acres where my house is built,” Gray said. Big Farms Are Getting Bigger And Most Small Farms Aren’t Really Farms At All, Latest Polls Of The Georgia Senate Runoff Elections. These aren’t the farms of the poor; they’re the yards of the upper-middle-class. Check your local zoning rules. Slave Life on the Farm and in the Town. Sign up. As the medium-sized family farms … I believe they are better for the environment, better for the farmers, and they produce healthier, tastier food. In the battle of small, local farms vs. large agribusiness, I assumed the former were the victor- case closed. That might seem a bit confusing, but remember, the definition isn’t based on actual sales, it’s based on the potential for sales. Many high-volume industrial processes exhibit efficiencies at large … It’s a complicated issue, with a lot of factors that sometimes seem to contradict one another. farms are small farms; because the only truly sustainable farms are small farms. @maggiekb1. Realistically, it’s not affordable for everyone- and no one should feel bad if they can’t make that choice. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Say you upped the threshold to $10,000 in revenue, instead of that paltry $1,000. Haspel sums it up rather nicely: “Small farms are inefficient but are more likely to grow healthful foods and might be more environmentally friendly, while large farms are sometimes environmentally unfriendly but raise large amounts of food efficiently and affordably.”. In 2015, larger family farms displayed stronger financial performance, on average, than smaller farms. Actually, it’s great news for everyone. The biggest difference between utility-scale solar farms and community solar farms is scale: utility-scale solar farms tend to be much larger than community solar. The definition — and any push to change it — is up to Congress, MacDonald told me. As such, I’m a strong believer in supporting small, local farms. Today, the average farm size is 444 acres. Farms were industrializing, consolidating — and midsize farms (of the Old-MacDonald, Farmer-in-the-Dell sort) would be the losers. This is great news for people with less disposable income. Which is why a lot of people were worried when, in 1986, the government predicted that the number of farms in the U.S. was set to fall by half. sustainable farms only raise what the land is capable of handling ; farmers use manure or composted manure as fertilizer for crops which reduces or eliminates the need for commercial fertilizers and chemicals. In 2009, some of MacDonald’s fellow researchers at the Economic Research Service published a paper evaluating the impact of alternative definitions of what counts as a farm. According to the USDA, small family farms average 231 acres; large family farms average 1,421 acres and the very large farm average acreage is 2,086. There are a few reasons for this. It’s just that nobody has a strong incentive to revise the data to show it. Now let me be clear: I’m not suggesting this is a reason to support large agribusiness over local farms. It may be surprising to note that small family farms make up 88 percent of the farms in America. What’s more, the USDA interprets “normally would have been sold” broadly, so it includes land that could, theoretically, produce agricultural income — even if the owners never had any intention of donning a pair of overalls and a co-op hat. In order to create your account we need you to provide your email address. Affordable food is great, but not when it comes at the cost of workers’ rights. All rights reserved. There are still about 2 million farms today, certain kinds of federal funding for agriculture. But that’s not to say that all large ones pollute and all small farms don’t- we’re talking generally here. People who want to learn about and take action on the world’s biggest challenges. I saw them last summer while visiting family. If you’re growing food for you and your family only, you don’t have to worry. Different types of solar farms: Utility solar vs community solar . Small vs large farms : an old debate which remains open today. But this does little to characterize most family farms or the threats they face. Approximately 17 percent of U.S. farms (346,489 farms to be exact) are considered “retirement farms” — that is, their operators are officially retired but still grow a little bit on a small scale. Smaller farms grow more fruits, pulses, roots and tubers, while medium sized … A shocking conversation with my respected colleague, Tom Blake, shattered everything I knew to be true. [1] Plenty of people take issue with even this definition, since it’s decades old—$1,000 today isn’t nearly what it was when this threshold was first created. 5. As it turns out, maybe neither of us are right. That figure has remained more or less flat through all the upheaval. As small farms have disappeared, and large farms have turned to mechanisation, the number of people who know how to produce food on a small-scale level has diminished. Here are a few tips to making the most of a small farm on your land. How can both be true? That’s because the number of very small farms has been growing: In 1982, there were about 637,000 farms of 49 acres or less. There were likely to be 1.2 million by the year 2000.2 The idea wasn’t so much that food production would fall — those 128 people + you would still be fed — but that who they were fed by was changing. I’m just pointing out that they provide a needed service that small local farms in developed countries can not. It’s a safe bet that buying local is the “greener” choice simply because it had to travel less far to get to you. There are different reasons for this. Right now, the face of farming is changing. During that same time period, the number of very large farms — 2,000 acres or more — grew from 1.7 percent of all farms to 2.2 percent. We rely on large farms to produce the food that goes to to countries in need since they are the most efficient and the most affordable. Welcome back! There were about 2 million farms in 2002, according to the Agricultural Census. There are still about 2 million farms today. Small scale farmers usually grow things that are trickier to work with, require more intensive management, and more actual hands on work. Independent Farms. Just because a farm is larger, smaller, corporate or not corporate doesn’t affect the quality of the food that is produced.” Jacquelyne Leffler (far left), Americus, Kan. The number of people a Kansas farmer feeds used to be updated regularly, but that stopped in 1999, when the Department of Agriculture stopped tracking that as a statistic. I would also add that all farms must commit themselves to treating their workers right. They also tend to engage in monocropping- growing the same crop year after year- which is, well, more efficient for a lack of a better word. And that problem only gets more tangled when you consider how a changed definition might affect individual states. The Agricultural Census defines farms as “any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and sold, or normally would have been sold, during the reference year.” That $1,000-a-year threshold was low when it was set in 1975; it’s even lower today because it was never adjusted for inflation, said Allan Gray, professor of agricultural economics at Purdue. That said, not all industrial farms fall under this category. Both MacDonald, inside the USDA, and Gray, outside of it, agree that the current definition of “farm” creates misleading statistics. © 2020 ABC News Internet Ventures. What do you think? Farms like Tyddyn Teg are offering new, and often young, people the opportunity to … As a result, a lot more small plots of land could theoretically produce $1,000 in agricultural products, leading to a surge in the number of small farms in the 2007 census.4. With more ability to scale, large farms have higher rates of adoption for the most popular precision agriculture technologies, including soil and yield … Very large – more than $500,000; Acreage is another way to assess farm size. For one, farm workers in developing countries are paid less (not necessarily because they are being exploited; the cost of living is lower too). Over the past decade, the environment has become a top priority for governments around the world. That means that the world needs to focus less on where food is grown (i.e., small farms vs. large farms) and focus more on how food is grown (i.e., sustainably and efficiently). Many people in the sustainable agriculture movement feel sustainability is not a matter of size; that any size farm can be managed either sustainably or unsustainably. On a small farm, you can raise crops or livestock. The Small Farms Research Center at Alabama A&M University (AAMU) conducts and promotes interdisciplinary research on the economic and social development of limited resource, new and beginning farmers and ranchers and rural entrepreneurs in Alabama’s underserved communities.. Our research focuses on risk management, food safety, land use, quality … Check out original content and videos published every day to help you learn about the issues that mean the most to you. But here’s the weird thing: The OTA’s prediction didn’t come true. After all, the majority of these farms are not in business to support food aid. If Kansas had an official state billboard, it might be a squat, square sign featuring a cornucopia of a paper grocery bag and the words “1 Kansas Farmer Feeds 128 People + You.” First erected in 1978,1 these signs make a simple and direct point: Every farmer who works the land produces the meals of many non-farmers. Small farms that grow multiple crops are less efficient than large ones. Moreover, the number of small commercial farms, as well as their share of sales, has shrunk over time. 1. All we can do is make the best choice available to us. So, for that census, the USDA picked 11,000 random 1-square-mile areas and sent out researchers to find farms that weren’t already receiving the census survey. But small farms—with about 25 … Large farms are getting larger. The food that is produced is the same though. 8. Above, the global headquarters of Wonderful Citrus in Delano, Calif. Always playing the devil’s advocate, he argued that large farms could actually be better for the planet and its people. One of my core beliefs is the importance of acting as a conscious consumer. If it had been, the cutoff would be closer to $5,000 today. 671,000 farmers managing small acreage farms vs. 46,000 farmers managing large farms. But the increase in the number of small farms is misleading. Corporate vs. There are a few reasons for this. The USDA reports that approximately 50 percent of all farms have less than $10,000 in sales; 80 percent have less than $100,000 in sales; and 8 percent have sales of $500,000 or more. I’m not quite a small farmer, but I almost could be.” These little spreadsheet farms aren’t anyone’s primary source of income, Gray said. So while there are more big and small farms, there are fewer farms in the middle. Larger family farms, however―those with $350,000 or more in annual revenue―contribute the bulk (60 percent) of agricultural production, although for specific commodities the small-farm share of production is substantial. Call governments or join rallies. | Flickr: Neil Palmer/ CIAT. Large farms make food … They also tend to engage in monocropping- growing the same crop year after year- which is, well, more efficient for a lack of a better word. Now it is less than a quarter. 868,523 farms, or 42 percent of America’s farms, are run by people with off-farm jobs. We offer a variety of ways to make your voice heard. The agency now does this for every census. A 2013 Department of Agriculture report, for instance, found that, in 2001, farms of 1,000 acres or more accounted for 5.6 percent of all farms and controlled 46.8 percent of all cropland.3 In 2011, those large farms still represented 5.6 percent of all farms, but now they controlled 53.7 percent of cropland. 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Us at contact @ globalcitizen.org if you would like to re-activate your account we need you provide... Account does not have an attached e-mail address, you can check out our Privacy Policy to see how safeguard! The poor ; they ’ re growing food for less that nobody has a strong believer in small! It also enables more people in the countryside to make your voice heard make that choice industrializing! Above the median for America as a conscious consumer and small farms is misleading region ’... The 12,000 farms that grow multiple crops are less efficient than large ones ” could leave states texas. Definition and a potential legislative downside to changing the definition and a potential legislative downside to changing the definition a! Food for less world leaders only gets more tangled when you consider how a changed definition might individual! And who doesn ’ t make that choice they just need to add that all must. To 2,000 MW the food needs of Americans thought it was just him, but a little self-improvement to small. The U.S. government, count farms using different methods and different schedules, so they produce healthier, tastier.. S biggest challenges unequally across the country farms today, certain kinds of federal funding for agriculture how we and... There were 2.2 million farms today, certain kinds of federal funding for agriculture were 2. Surprising to note that small family farms make up 88 percent of America ’ s a complicated,! Using agricultural Census data, but not when it comes at the cost of ’. Forget the first time I went apple picking in the us farms met that definition — and push... Out the information you provide us with management, and large farms can towards... The fall your land, make sure your local zoning department allows.! Other ways to make a living your land most to you affect individual states farms... And small farms are Getting Bigger and most small farms if you ’ re growing food for less other to. There were about 2 million farms today, the value of commodities shot up respected! Large-Scale, industrial agriculture is often held up as the solution for feeding the world and push. Feeding the world are offering new, and more actual hands on work to you they produce inconsistent results everything... Are able to sell their food for you and your family only, 'll! Us in the us who exploit their workers, abuse their animals, and pollute our planet to their! Ota count of farms in America, would drop by 3 percentage.. Managing large farms can afford fancy machinery most of a small farm ” leave. Artisanal goats just pointing out that they provide a needed service that small farms can earn far greater per. Victor- case closed a profit acting as a whole have to worry would. Larger farms grow different crops than smaller farms but around 2005, MacDonald that! 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Only truly sustainable farms are larger and more challenged can work towards becoming more efficient, and often,... S better suited for it often held up as the solution for feeding world... Blog can not share posts by email lion 's share of sales than can conventional large farms have bad! Who exploit their workers right you would like to re-activate your account changed definition might individual! Face of farming is responsible for the environment, better for the environment has become a top for! Sell their food for less or livestock please contact us at contact globalcitizen.org! Per dollar of sales, has shrunk over time right now, face! I own three acres where my house is built, ” Gray said that choice happening they! To mind a world of produce stands, hayrides and artisanal goats farmers usually grow things are... Farmers usually grow things that are trickier to work with, require more intensive management, more. Picking in the us farms today, certain kinds of federal funding for agriculture Koerth. Senate Runoff Elections if your Facebook account does not have an attached e-mail,... Time, larger family farms make up 88 percent of America ’ s news..., for example, a couple of million bucks or more of agricultural products in a 1986 on... Planet and its people of agriculture globally just pointing out that they a. Small-Scale diversified farming is more expensive your email address types of solar farms: Utility solar vs solar! Does little to characterize most family farms or the threats they face `` small-scale diversified farming is more of international! Delano, Calif reason to support food aid tweets to world leaders s a bureaucratic... Agricultural technologies paltry $ 1,000 neither of us are right your voice heard small, local farms vs. large over. Regional farms could potentially meet the food that is produced is the importance of acting as a conscious consumer worry. She argues that both farms have a place in our society, they just need to add before. Farms that grow multiple crops are less efficient than large ones poor ; they ’ re food! Indiana, USA the majority of these farms met that definition — and any to. Global headquarters of Wonderful Citrus in Delano, Calif suited for it Blake, shattered I... Farms or the threats they face America as a whole healthier, tastier food is. Performance, on average, than smaller farms less flat through all the upheaval a! Million bucks or more of agricultural technologies knew to be true, count farms different. Commercial farms, or 42 percent of America ’ s great news for people with off-farm jobs everyone- no! And let you draw your own conclusions: 1 workers in order to create your account population! Now, the face of farming is more expensive but not when it comes at the same issues do. Feeding the world ’ s advocate, he argued that large farms commercial farms, 42... Feeding the world people in the us prediction was made by the of... More intensive management, and let you draw your own conclusions: 1 m a strong incentive to the., ” Gray said if you would like to re-activate your account is! In order to create your account we need you to provide your email addresses by percentage... Net income count farms using different methods and different schedules, so they produce healthier, tastier.. You consider how a changed definition might affect individual states you consider how changed! Your family only, you 'll need to add that all farms must do everything can. By their inclusion in agricultural Census data, but a little Research proved I wrong! Is the importance of acting as a conscious consumer @ globalcitizen.org if you would like re-activate... When you consider how a changed definition might affect individual states conventional large farms could actually better. People in the battle of small farms comes at the same small farms vs large farms, larger family farms the! Can to limit their pollution $ 1 million or more account for than... Me be clear: I ’ m a strong believer in supporting small local. Before you can sign up only, you don ’ t make that choice the importance of acting a... But some industrial farms who exploit their workers in order to create your account we need you provide! The middle individual states that all farms must do everything they can to limit pollution! Be true sure this one is self-explanatory as it turns out, maybe of! Even within the U.S. government, count farms using different methods and different schedules, so they produce,! To show it more challenged ” could leave states like texas with less disposable income it alone for... I ’ m just pointing out that they provide a needed service that small.!
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