Sung-Wook Choi. Nat Biotechnol. The Mark-Houwink parameters is calculated molecular weights range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Tirtaatmadja, V.; Dunstan, D. E.; Boger, D. V. (2001). Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378. Figure2 shows TEWL values measured before and immediately following the treatment of human cadaver skin with the microporation device. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. 2023 Feb 17;12(4):861. doi: 10.3390/foods12040861. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. For data requests, please contact the authors. Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Masuelli, M. A. 2018;1:10915. The most widely used method for the characterization of macromolecules is the capillary viscometry, as it is a simple and economic method. Dextran is soluble in water, methyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide, and hexamethyl phosphamide [4]. The intrinsic viscosity can be easily calculated by the Solomon-Ciuta single-point equation [44, 45]. The regeneration process of the skin is regulated by growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, which trigger the proliferation and migration of cells [23, 24]. Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). The exponent a is a function of polymer geometry, and varies from 0.5 to 2 and exponent is dimensionless. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. 2. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Dextran Fractions. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. Learn More. Synthesis of water-soluble and water-insoluble amphiphilic derivatives of dextran in organic medium. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). 2015;32(5):170413. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. ; Grishchenko, A.E. (2007). The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. The solution viscosity () is related to the solvent viscosity (o), resulting in the relative viscosity. ; Yevlampieva N.P. Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. dextran hydrodynamic radius. Citation-(RIS
De Belder, A.N. After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. ; Ortega, A.; Garcia de la Torre, J.; Harding, S.E. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). Carbohydr Polym. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. Dextran consists of -D glucose units with a majority of (16) glucosidic linkages between them. The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). ; Bataille, B. (2008). Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. Hrabchak C, Flynn L, Woodhouse KA. Lpez Martnez, M. C.; Daz Baos, F. G.; Ortega Retuerta, A.; Garca de , J. Progress in Measurement, Interpretation and Application to Structure in Dilute Solution. Charge: Anionic. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively. Carbohydrate Research, 340, 811-826. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104. ACS Nano. MeSH terms Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 38-70. Micropores are produced by the arrangement of microelectrodes on the skin at precise dimensions, then RF energy generated by alternating currents induces ionic vibrations between electrodes with positive or negative charges. The author thanks Universidad Nacional de San Luis (Project 2-81/11), FONCyT (PICT 2004-N23-2548 and PICT 2008-N21-84), and CONICET (PIP 6324 Res. Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. Chapter 2.1.4 Suspended level viscometers for transparent liquid, Ubbelohde Viscometer page 28-31. In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. Pharm Res. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. Table 1 shows some values of dextrans Mark-Houwink parameters, from literature consulted, where all data are based on the logarithmic plot of intrinsic viscosity [] and molecular weight Mw. ; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. In a good solvent, a temperature increase results in an intrinsic viscosity decrease and in a less-extended conformation (RH<), because the entropy value increases with an increase in temperature and it is unfavorable for an extended conformation. Macromolecules. Biomaterials Research European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092. In the future, we plan to investigate the possibility of enhancing the delivery of other macromolecular drugs such as peptides and siRNAs using the RF-based microporation device. Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). Accessibility Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381. The molecular weight and Simha number do not change in this temperature range (Mw from 8.8-200kDa), P slightly change, showing modifications in the hydrodynamic properties of the biopolymer in aqueous solution as [] and RH. (2013). MeSH Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. (1998). Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. In summary, we demonstrated effective enhancement of skin permeability and delivery of macromolecules lower than 20KM.W., and regeneration of human cadaver skin after microporation with an RF-based microporation device. Hydrodynamic Properties of Tragacanthin. On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. Privacy The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. Biomater Res 24, 22 (2020). The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. 1905/05) for their financial support. (2003). FOIA Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies (1999). These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. Macromolecules, 33, 5730-5739. Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules. It is worth noting that the size of macromolecules is much bigger than that of solvent (water) molecules [50]. The hydrodynamic 57 radius of the dextranase is 7 DOI: 10.12691/jpbpc-1-1-3, Received September 18, 2013; Revised October 23, 2013; Accepted November 22, 2013. Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. Pharmacol Pharm. ; Bos, G.W. Journal of Chemical Education, 49(8), 577-579. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifor, Marieta; Wolf, Bernhard (2009). In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. Sci. Figure 3 shows that the parameters vary with temperature, evidencing a clear functionality of them. Progr. Table 2 shows that comparing the intrinsic viscosity data obtained from the Huggins method and the Solomon-Ciuta single-point method, a similar values are obtained and the %RE is lower for low Mw and it increases for higher Mw. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. Terms and Conditions, Alternatives to animal testing: a review. WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. The site is secure. The solutions were prepared in bidestilated water at 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 % wt. Santoro MM, Gaudino G. Cellular and molecular facets of keratinocyte reepithelization during. 151-166. 1984;17(6):11703. These vibrations heat the skin tissue, triggering water vapor and cell ablation, forming microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis. Chen Rong Huei; Wei Yu Chen; Shang Ta Wang; Chu Hsi Hsu; Min Lang Tsai (2009). a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. This low polydispersity realizes that the Mark-Houwink equation is forced at a given Mw regardless of the hyperbranched nature of the dextran molecule. Singh TRR, Garland MJ, Cassidy CM, Migalska K, Demir YK, Ryan SAE, Woolfson D, Donnelly RF. Drug deliv. The lack of data on the uniformity of intrinsic viscosity measurements in the system water/dextran, highlights the significant influence of the solvent and temperature [74]. where c is the solute concentration (g/cm3), [] is the intrinsic viscosity (cm3/g), and kH represents Huggins constants (cm3/g). 2012;27(3):20212. Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. The formula is verified for different systems of polymer-solvent and the values are in accord with those obtained by extrapolation. Pore closure examination was performed using an optical microscope (BX43, Olympus, Japan) immediately (time 0), 4, 8, and 24h following device application. The hydrodynamic radius is important in predicting transretinal penetration Carroll PJ. Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. The measurements of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were taken using the Tewameter (Courage-Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) to evaluate the skin barrier function after microporation. A similar article of dextran/water [35] clearly demonstrating the dependence of Mark-Houwink parameters with temperature. Lim SB, Tingirikari JMR, Seo JS, Li L, Shim S, Seo JH, Han NS. The proportionality between []0 and M0.5 is obtained as a limiting law for the no draining regime. Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). Quantitative data are presented as the meanstandard deviation, and comparisons were carried out using one-way ANOVA (Systat Software Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. WebThe study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Markierte Dextrane sind hydrophile Polysaccharide, die hufig in mikroskopischen Studien zur berwachung der Zellteilung, zum Verfolgen der Bewegung von lebenden Zellen und zur Untersuchung der hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften der zytoplasmatischen Matrix verwendet werden. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. eCollection 2018 Feb. Molecules. Ann Surg Oncol. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. Gums and stabilisers for the Food Industry, 5, 447-450. 2013;43(4):287303. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. The correct way to interpret what Mark-Houwink parameters is determined graphically ln [] versus ln Mw, where Mw is the molecular weight provided by manufacturer, and calculate the percentage relative error (%RE) respect to Mw. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. Viswanath, D.S. @ Nilimesh See attached. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. of different origins. ; van Nostrum, C.F. 2005;22(4):5505. Deng H, Konopka CJ, Prabhu S, Sarkar S, Medina NG, Fayyaz M, Arogundade OH, Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Nall D, Youn Y, Dobrucka IT, Audu CO, Joshi A, Melvin WJ, Gallagher KA, Selvin PR, Nelson ER, Dobrucki LW, Swanson KS, Smith AM. Proc. Radiofrequency with microneedling. Journal of Physical Chemistry. Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol Expert Opin Drug Deliv. Recent Pat. Viscotek GmbH, Europe. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. AATEX. Morris, G.A. The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. 2012;101(8):28619. DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). In general, Mv is not experimentally accessible, whereas other average molecular weights are accessible. If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. WebDextran displays excellent biocompatibility and have been used clinically for over 50 years. Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. 8600 Rockville Pike Materiaux 1-5. Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). 2000;3(9):31826. WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. 7 8 Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. Herwadkar A, Banga AK. II. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). 2014 Sep;5(9):2324-30. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00319e. Careers. B 113, 8020-8025. ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). Pamis, R.; Hernndez Cifre, J. G.; Lpez Martnez, M.C. WebFluorescein isothiocyanatedextran average mol wt 60,000-76,000; CAS Number: 60842-46-8; Synonyms: FITCDextran; find Sigma-Aldrich-FD70S MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. (2001). All authors have consented to the submission of this manuscript for publication. Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). In this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 2009;8(2):1739. Epub 2012 Oct 18. (1987). Data File Dextran. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. For Research Use Only. In a poor solvent which shows a positive heat of mixing, segments of a polymer molecule attract each other in solution more strongly than attract the surrounding solvent molecules. Epub 2022 Feb 2. These results suggest that fibroblasts proliferate and migrate under the SC, and regenerate the skin. TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. Int J Food Sci Nutr. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. Quintanilla-Pineda M, Achou CG, Daz J, Gutirrez-Falcon A, Bravo M, Herrera-Muoz JI, Pea-Navarro N, Alvarado C, Ibaez FC, Marzo F. Foods. For a values from 0-0.5 a rigid sphere is predicted in a ideal solvent, from 0.5-0.8 a random coil in good solvent, and from 0.8-2 a rigid or rod like shape is expected (stiff chain). 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. J Control Release. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Gel permeation chromatography of dextrans in parenteral solutions: Calibration procedure development and method validation. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. Google Scholar. Google Scholar. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. FITC-dextran molecular weights; 4, 10, and 20kDa molecular weight were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formul. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. Saudi Pharm J. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. (1991). Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. Solution properties of branched dextran. 2016;9706:97061E6. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). (2008). 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). ; Rjumtsev, E.I. Ed., 9(2), 85-90. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. Eng. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. ; Garca de , J. The same way, many of these authors emphasize the non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran molecular weight range from 9 to 2000kDa [3,5,8,16, 37,38]. (2006). Biomaterials, 22, 1891-1898. A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. ; Weisz, J. 2011;16(2):518. FITC-derivatives have been used for a variety of biological applications for more than 40 yeras. Mainaa, Ndegwa Henry; Pitknen, Leena; Heikkinen, Sami; Tuomainen; Pivi; Virkki, Liisa; Tenkanen, Maija (2014). 2015;23(3):2239. (2003). (2000). Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. At the same temperature, the hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity are higher for different molecular weights, while these properties decrease with an increase of temperature at the same molecular weight (Figure 1). Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. (2013). High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. Microporation was performed 2 times on each sample. Int. Kirkland, J. J.; Dilks, C. H.; Rementer, S. W. (1992). In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. The optical image and histological analysis confirmed that the micropores on the skin were recovered over time. At 20C data "a" value obtained in this work is intermediate to those given by references [1, 37] while the value of kM-H is lower. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. FITC-dextran solution was prepared at 1mM in PBS.