Hillary Clinton’s Gender Agenda

From this NYT interview with Secretary of State Clinton:

“Democracy means nothing if half the people can’t vote, or if their vote doesn’t count, or if their literacy rate is so low that the exercise of their vote is in question. Which is why when I travel, I do events with women, I talk about women’s rights, I meet with women activists, I raise women’s concerns with the leaders I’m talking to.

I happen to believe that the transformation of women’s roles is the last great impediment to universal progress : that we have made progress on many other aspects of human nature that used to be discriminatory bars to people’s full participation. But in too many places and too many ways, the oppression of women stands as a stark reminder of how difficult it is to realize people’s full human potential.

I’m really proud of the work that she is doing.

–Ann Bartow

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Sex, Pregnancy, and Abortion on U.S. Military Bases

New York Times: Living and Fighting Alongside Men, and Fitting In, by Steven Lee Myers:

American flag FORWARD OPERATING BASE WARHORSE, Iraq : There is no mistaking that this dusty, gravel-strewn camp northeast of Baghdad is anything other than a combat outpost in a still-hostile land. And there is no mistaking that women in uniform have had a transformative effect on it.

They have their own quarters, boxy trailers called CHUs (the military’s acronym for containerized housing units, pronounced”chews”).

There are women’s bathrooms and showers, alongside the men’s. Married couples live together. The base’s clinic treats gynecological problems and has, alongside the equipment needed to treat the trauma of modern warfare, an ultrasound machine.

Opponents of integrating women in combat zones long feared that sex would mean the end of American military prowess. But now birth control is available : the PX at Warhorse even sold out of condoms one day recently : reflecting a widely accepted reality that soldiers have sex at outposts across Iraq.

This article talks about the increasing prevalence of sex at military outposts, and the “personnel disruptions” that occur when pregnant women are sent off-base immediately.   It is utterly silent on the Congressionally imposed lack of abortion access on U.S. miltary bases, however.   I address that in this letter to the NYT today.

-Caitlin Borgmann (cross-posted at Reproductive Rights Prof blog)

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Posted in Reproductive Rights, Women's Health | 1 Comment

Kicking “RateMyProfessor” Old School

From “Annoying Habits of College Professors” (circa 1935 to 1937)” in Scientific American:

… In a series of related articles published in the The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (in 1935 and 1937), Moore instructed a group of over 300 social science students who were studying at universities in North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Idaho to keep a diary in class in which they were to jot down, as they occurred, any and all things irritating about their professors.”Be critical but fair,”Moore advised. The students diligently took notes on their professors’ quips, foibles, movements, insults, hygiene, color coordination and whatever else rubbed them the wrong way over the next few weeks in class. An important caveat was that the specific professors would never find out what was said, so students could presumably feel free to unleash their frustrations without fear of their professors’ retaliation. And Moore wasn’t naive. He knew that annoyingness, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder.”It should be stated at the outset,”he wrote,”that no hard and fast definition for annoyingness can be stated.”(He might have felt differently had he known some of my colleagues.)

Nonetheless, to give the students some sense of what he was looking for, Moore started off by listing a few examples of annoyances, mannerisms and habits such as”cocking head,”“not looking at class,”“peculiar styles in clothing,”“nails soiled,”and”sticking hands in pocket.”This got the students out of the gate in making their judgments, but they soon found that Moore’s list needed some adding to — actually, a lot of adding to. Some 63 additional items were amended to Moore’s initial list of 25. The final sample included about 200 professors and some telling patterns did seem to emerge in the data. Among the habits judged by students as being”very annoying,”some of the most frequently listed were rambling,”riding”students, pausing too long, and using pet expressions. I’m not sure how these particular pet expressions would go over in today’s college classroom, but in Moore’s study, some of the more bothersome ones apparently included”Ain’t that right, pal?;”“In the final analysis;”“Interestingly enough;”“Like an old mule”(I can only guess what this was referring to.);”If you please, gentlemen;”“Yes suh! Yes suh!”and perhaps my personal favorite,”That’s the meat of the cocoanut.”

Some professors went so far as to scratch their head, clear their throat, act too formal, rub their chin, frown, use slang, gesticulate or pause too long. A few even had the indecency to wear their clothes unpressed and smile too much. Both male and female students found rambling by their professors to be insufferable, but the women were generally more offended by inattention to physical appearance and tended to dislike sarcastic professors more than the men, who were unhinged by inarticulate, slow-talking professors who stuck their hands in their pockets a little too often. …

I know some of the ways I’m annoying – I talk too fast and I’m a sloppy dresser. Oh yeah and that sarcasm thing. Plus now I suspect my self-sabotaging subconscious is going to cause me to say something about coconut meat in class.

–Ann Bartow, via E.

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There’s Something About Marriage: New York Trial Court Uses Differences Between a Marriage and a Civil Union to Refuse to Dissolve the Latter

Norma Gay

“Civil union” means that two eligible persons have established a relationship pursuant to this chapter, and may receive the benefits and protections and be subject to the responsibilities of spouses.

-Vermont Stat. Ann., Title 15, Section 1201(2)

(a) Parties to a civil union shall have all the same benefits, protections and responsibilities under law, whether they derive from statute, administrative or court rule, policy, common law or any other source of civil law, as are granted to spouses in a marriage.

(b) A party to a civil union shall be included in any definition or use of the terms “spouse,” “family,” “immediate family,” “dependent,” “next of kin,” and other terms that denote the spousal relationship, as those terms are used throughout the law.

(c) Parties to a civil union shall be responsible for the support of one another to the same degree and in the same manner as prescribed under law for married persons.

-Vermont Stat. Ann., Title 15, Section 1204(a)-(c)

Postscript by the New York Supreme Court, Westchester County: Well, not really. Oh, and certainly not if you leave Vermont!

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Order Without Law

Well, more or less (emphasis on “less”)

–Ann Bartow

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“What Were Laura Ling and Euna Lee Looking For in North Korea?”

Ji-Yeon Yuh poses this question in this post at the Women’s Media Center. Here is an excerpt:

… Proportionally, the trafficking of North Korean women into China is a small part of an enormous worldwide criminal enterprise … However, of North Korean women and girl refugees in China, an estimated 80 to 90 percent are victims of trafficking. This is likely the highest percentage of trafficking in a single population.

The trafficking of these women is tangled up in the thorny politics of the region. North Korean refugees began crossing into China in large numbers in the 1990s. North Korea considers such people defectors and treats them as criminals. It denies the existence of trafficking and treats its victims as corrupt and traitorous criminals for consorting with foreigners. China views the refugees as illegal migrants and, by longstanding agreement, deports 5,000 to 10,000 North Koreans every year. The UN withholds official refugee status, saying only that they are monitored as an at-risk population.

China has a long history of trafficking its own women and girls as sex workers or as wives for rural bachelors, so it’s no surprise that North Korean women became another”product”for traffickers. Even as China cracks down on refugees, officials who are often in cahoots with traffickers and buyers turn a blind eye to women forced to work in karaoke bars and other commercial sex establishments. The wider world takes little notice of these victims, with mainstream media closely focused on the issue of North Korea’s nuclear weapons.

Estimates of the number of North Korean refugees in China range from the Chinese government’s low of 10,000 to activist organizations’ high of 300,000:some 70 percent of them women, aid workers say. With nowhere to turn for official assistance, they are particularly vulnerable. Even those who have lived in China for years remain in constant fear of exposure and deportation. Consequently, trafficked North Korean women are under the near-absolute domination of traffickers and buyers. …

You should read the whole thing. Meanwhile members of the Southern Legislative Conference are trying to draw attention to domestic trafficking, as evidenced by this report. Pimps want sex trafficking to stay under the radar. Props to Yuh for her important work.

–Ann Bartow

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The Portia Hypothesis for South Carolina Judges

Two Clemson economists have a new paper in the American Law and Economics Review (available here on Westlaw – sorry, I can’t find a free link to it) titled:   Do Masculine Names Help Female Lawyers Become Judges?   Evidence from South Carolina.   The answer to their question is yes.   Here’s the intro summary:

This paper provides the first empirical test of the Portia Hypothesis: Females with masculine monikers are more successful in legal careers. Utilizing South Carolina microdata, we look for correlation between an individual’s advancement to a judgeship and his/her name’s masculinity, which we construct from the joint empirical distribution of names and gender in the state’s entire population of registered voters. We find robust evidence that nominally masculine females are favored over other females. Hence, our results support the Portia Hypothesis.

It’s a short interesting paper worth reading and then considering its broader implications.

– David S. Cohen

NB from Ann: The paper can also be found here if your institution subscribes to Oxford journals; related Situationist post here, with link to draft of paper here.

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Buzuvis on “Title IX Retaliation Cases and Women’s Leadership in College Sport”

BuzuvisFeminist Law Prof Erin Buzuvis (Western New England) and Title IX blogger has posted to SSRN her working paper, “Sidelined: Title IX Retaliation Cases and Women’s Leadership in College Sport.”  Here is the abstract:

This Article examines the retaliation cases that have been filed in the wake of Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education, a 2005 Supreme Court decision clarifying the applicability of Title IX’s private right of action to retaliation claims. In recent years, dozens of coaches and athletic department officials have sued colleges and universities alleging that they were fired or suffered other adverse consequences after challenging athletic department practices that they believed to constitute violations of Title IX, the federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in federally funded schools. Several of these cases have already concluded in multimillion dollar jury verdicts and settlements, suggesting that the retaliation remedy has the potential to provide economic incentives to colleges and universities to avoid not only retaliation itself, but also address the underlying sex discrimination endemic in athletic department culture. This Article uses these cases to identify obstacles to women’s leadership in college athletics and to suggest ways in which the newly invigorated retaliation remedy might contribute to their demise.

The full paper is available here.

-Bridget Crawford


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The Recorded Voice of Virginia Woolf

Here!

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The “little girl who goes to public school in Dillon” is still hoping.

At about the 3:05 mark in this well known video:

Obama references “the little girl who goes to public school in Dillon,” and he means Dillon, South Carolina, part of the Corridor of Shame (click link to view trailer).

On November 2, 1993 attorneys representing 29 S.C. school districts filed a lawsuit against the State of South Carolina alleging that the 1977 formula the SC Legislature uses to distribute money for education is unfair to rural and poor schools. Sixteen years later, there has been no resolution of this dispute. A local newspaper reports:

When the first school bell of the year rings today in Dillon 1, superintendent Steve Laird will have a heavy heart.

For 16 years, Laird has been part of a lawsuit : along with 35 other poor, rural school districts : contending the state should provide extra money to pay for academic aid for students living in poverty.

This summer marks a year since the case was heard by the state Supreme Court on appeal.

The court has no deadline to rule on whether South Carolina provides its poor, rural school districts with enough money to ensure their students get the same constitutionally guaranteed,”minimally adequate”education as students in wealthier S.C. communities.

Until the high court rules, Laird will keep hoping.

“It’s been a long fight,”Laird said.”I never had any idea it would go on this long.

“It’s very difficult when I drive through Anderson or Spartanburg and see those (new) schools and know my children have to compete with those students.”

Others are waiting too, including the state Legislature, which could find itself forced to find millions more for rural schools if they prevail. …

Here is an account of Obama’s visit to Dillon SC in January of 2008:

That little girl in Dillon goes back to school today. She needs change.

–Ann Bartow

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Via.

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The Republicans’ Hypocrisy (So What’s New?) About Health Privacy

The whole discussion these days about the health care bill is outrageous.   In particular, the discussion of end of life care has become a joke.   Yup, most of the Republicans now outraged about “death panels” voted for the same concept in 2003.   Yup, Sarah Palin, who started the newest round of this mess was in favor of the same idea in 2006 in Alaska.   Yup, this is just recycled crap from the Clinton-era health reform days.

But what’s really getting me up in arms about this whole debate (if you want to call it that) is the argument the Republicans are making about health privacy.   Let’s take Chuck Grassley (who voted for “death panels” in 2003!) and his recent comment:   “You ought to plan these things out. And I don’t have any problem with things like living wills. But they ought to be done within the family. We should not have a government program that determines if you’re going to pull the plug on grandma.”   So he’s not opposed to end of life planning, just the government being part of it.   Sarah Palin made essentially the same argument in her infamous Facebook post from two weeks ago.   And the protesters at town halls have been saying the same thing, as have right-wing commentators.

So, in other words, what they’re saying is:   keep the government out of our private health care decisions.

Let’s put aside the issue that the proposed bill isn’t making anything mandatory, but rather saying that such end-of-life counseling, if a patient wants it, will be covered by the insurance program.   What I want to focus on is the comparison with abortion.

What’s a major part of the Republican platform about abortion?   Abusive informed consent provisions that mandate that women who choose to have an abortion have extensive discussions with their doctors about the procedure that go way above and beyond the regular informed consent discussion that occurs before any medical procedure.   These “informed consent” sessions include all sorts of biased pro-life counseling.   After all, as the Casey joint opinion stressed, the government is allowed to put its thumb on the scale favoring choosing against abortion.   And it can do so, as Republicans are more than happy to advocate for, by mandating that these private health care decisions take place with the government as a major player who pushes women to make a particular choice — not to have an abortion.

So what’s the lesson?   From the Republicans, it’s that the government needs to stay out of private health care decisions . . . except when (other) women’s bodies are at issue.

– David S. Cohen

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New Law in Afghanistan Allows Men to Deny Food to Wives Who Refuse Sex–oh, and there’s good news in rape law as well

1, 2, 3, what are we fighting for? (Thanks to Country Joe and the Fish).  Apparently, for the rights of Afghan men to deny their wives food and sustenance if they refuse to fulfill their husbands’ sexual requests; for laws granting guardianship of children exclusively  to fathers and grandfathers; for Afghan women to be required to get permission to work; and for rapists to avoid prosecution by paying “blood money” to women injured by rape (injury, no doubt, meaning physical injury, not the psychic horror of being violated).  The report is by Human Rights watch; the story is in the Guardian.

-Leigh Goodmark

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On Tasers and “Disorderly Conduct”

When I was a kid I used to watch “Mutual of Omaha’s Wild Kingdom” with some regularity, and learned that tranquilizer darts could stop large angry charging animals (lions, elephants, hippos) as well as much smaller critters very quickly in their tracks.   When I heard about police shootings on the news, I   wondered why police officers didn’t use guns that show   tranquilizer darts, instead of bullets. That way if the person was innocent, or even guilty of something less than a death penalty offense, they’d still be alive after they got shot and fell to the ground unconscious, eliminating whatever dangers (if any) they were posing to others. I hadn’t thought about that question in decades, but this post (which links to this article) reminded me of my childhood musings.   Violet is right: “If that had been a gun, the cop wouldn’t have fired it. If it had been a billy club, he wouldn’t have knocked the woman upside the head with it. But it was a taser, and so Mr. Asshole Cop decided to get all SWAT team.” If the same cop had had tranquilizer darts instead of a taser, would he have used them too? Below is the video of the event:

Deputy Tasers Woman In Minivan

This article reports:

… Harmon was charged with disorderly conduct, resisting arrest and going 50 in a 45 mph zone. The district attorney’s office dismissed the charges a month later — after watching the videotape, said her lawyer, Terrance Hoffmann. The prosecutor could not be reached for comment. In his report on the arrest, Andrews makes no mention of Harmon threatening him or using foul language. He said she refused his request to get back in her van, then refused to get out when he said she was under arrest, the report said. Harmon refused to comply with his commands to put her hands behind her back to be cuffed, Andrews wrote.

Here’s Harmon’s description of that day:

Harmon, a school bus driver for 11 years, was returning home from shopping and picking up her son Casey, 15, from wrestling practice. He was in the front passenger seat. Harmon’s daughter Brandi, 5, was in the back seat. Harmon was driving on Electronics Parkway in the left lane and had to slow down to get into the right lane behind Andrews’ patrol car so she could turn onto Hopkins.

Andrews made the turn ahead of her, then immediately pulled off to the side of Hopkins Road and let Harmon pass. He quickly turned on his flashing lights and pulled her over.

Andrews told Harmon he’d seen her using her cell phone while she was driving. In the video, he makes a phone gesture with his hand. She told him she’d been driving with her right hand on her cheek, but that she hadn’t talked on the phone for at least two hours. She says she offered to let him look at the phone to see for himself. He declined.

Andrews said he also clocked her going 50 mph in a 45 mph zone. No way, Harmon recalls telling him.

“I want you to show me the tape,” she told him.

“You’ll have to take that up in court,” he responded, according to Harmon. He told her the evidence was in a box in his patrol car, and started walking back toward it. Harmon followed. That’s when he told her to get back in the van.

She says she didn’t refuse the order but told him once more that she wanted to see his proof. Andrews drew the Taser and pointed it at her.

“Mom, get back in the car,” she recalls her son telling her. A witness, Staci Santorelli, was across the road at the Shoot ‘n’ Score soccer center and heard Andrews tell Harmon she was under arrest. Harmon also says she remembers Andrews at some point telling her she was under arrest.

“I just wanted to get back in my car where I was safe and where my kids were,” Harmon says. Andrews told her to get out.

“But you just told me to get in,” she says she told Andrews. She heard her daughter crying, “Mommy! Mommy!”

“I was not getting out of that car,” she says. “I was scared to death.” She gripped the steering wheel with both hands as Andrews grabbed her by the arm and pulled. Harmon stands 5-foot-4. Andrews is 10 inches taller. After some tugging, he got her out.

She and Andrews stood facing each other for a few seconds, talking. He had the Taser pointed at her.

“I kept saying, ‘Don’t do this in front of my kids,'” she says.

Andrews fired the Taser, but it only gave her a small jolt, apparently because it hit her winter clothing. She started to get back in the van. Andrews pulled her back, opening her front to him before he fired again. This time, Harmon dropped to her knees.

The Taser probe, like a little arrow with a fish hook, stuck in Harmon’s upper left chest. The jolt shook her. …

… Harmon said she wants to teach police a lesson: It’s OK to admit you’re wrong. She said Andrews manufactured the speeding charge once he realized she didn’t deserve a cell phone ticket. Andrews had not clocked her with a radar gun. Instead, he said in a report, he calculated her speed by following her for “several seconds.”

“I want the public to know these police officers apparently aren’t being trained well enough to know when it is justified to use a Taser,” she said.

The article says the woman, repeatedly described as “a mom,” is a school bus driver, but doesn’t discuss whether her job might have been jeopardized if she got a speeding ticket. I doubt many bloggers or media outlets (or President Obama) are going to see this as important, since she is not a Harvard professor. But it is.

–Ann Bartow

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PETA gets the Onion treatment.


The line “We have no intention of changing our tactics until every last animal on the planet is given more respect than woman” barely registers as satire, PETA’s ads are so awful. Via this Jezebel post, which also has a link to a post critiquing the billboard below:

From law prof Gary Francione:

Although I am opposed to all violence, and, therefore, I do not approve of the violence that Ernesto”Che”Guevara used to liberate Cuba from the U.S. backed Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista, I found it profoundly sad to see the latest PETA campaign that features Che’s granddaughter, Lydia Guevara, posing semi-nude in a PETA campaign ad promoting the”vegetarian revolution.”

This ad trivializes the struggle for social justice that Che believed in and for which he gave his life. Can you imagine Che Guevara”going naked for liberation rather than be a U.S. puppet?”No, of course not.

In 2007, PETA put out its State of the Union Undress, a video of a woman doing a full striptease”for the animals“that ended with a quotation from Dr. Martin Luther King.

In my comment on the PETA video, I stated:

The idea that PETA thinks it appropriate to end a striptease video with a quote from Martin Luther King about injustice is further indication that PETA is willing to trivialize anything and anyone in its relentless attempt to promote itself. Perhaps PETA should recall that Dr. King significantly advanced the cause of justice through intellect, tenacity, dignity and courage and without ever”going naked”to win civil rights or engaging in any of the sensationalism and tawdry cheapness that has become PETA’s trademark.

This is the problem with all of PETA’s pathetic attempts to liken its campaigns to civil rights struggles or other struggles for social justice. The people involved in those struggles were serious people who made serious sacrifices and tried to effect fundamental changes in the way that people think. PETA is doing nothing more than seeking publicity and donations for itself. That is unfortunate.

I don’t understand PETA at all.

–Ann Bartow

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Two Wrongs Don’t Make it Right: Court of Appeals of Mississippi Drags Feet on Recognizing Combined Race-Gender Groups as Groups Deserving Discrete Protection Under Batson

In Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S.79 (1986), the Supreme Court declared that racial discrimination through the use of peremptory challenges is prohibited. In J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B., 511 U.S. 127 (1994), the Court found that gender discrimination through the use of peremptory challenges is also impermissible. So, after this latter opinion, you would think that all courts would have recognized the existence of combined race-gender groups as discrete groups deserving of protections similar to those extended to discrete groups defined exclusively by race or gender, right? Well, most courts have, but as the recent opinion of the Court of Appeals of Mississippi in Ross v. State, 2009 WL 2436714 (Miss.App. 2009), makes clear, some courts are still dragging their feet. My argument, though, is that these courts are simply clinging to or unwilling to give up pre-J.E.B. precedent and have no reason not to join the majority.

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Rutgers Women’s Rights Law Reporter CFP: Women, Law and the Economy

From the FLP mailbox, this CFP from the editors as the Women’s Rights Law Reporter at Rutgers Law – Newark:

Rutgers School of Law – Newark, Women’s Rights Law Reporter would like to introduce the topic of our Fall 2009 Symposium, occurring on Friday, November 13, 2009: Women, Law and the Economy: Where are We Today?

This symposium is focused on the recent downturn in our economy, and how our latest economic crisis has had an effect on women. We invite discussion on topics such as: women’s obstacles in the workplace; women’s current positions in our economic sphere; women’s ability to obtain loans for businesses, homes, or the like; the bailout and its effect on women; and finally, differing feminist perspectives on where the women of today are headed in the future in terms of this economy. This is a fairly broad topic, but our main concern is to answer the question: where has this recent economic crisis left women, and what legal battles might they may be facing in the future?

We invite proposals for articles, essays and book reviews in conjunction with this symposium topic, however, such proposals are not required for participation in this event. Also, publication of any article, essay or book review is subject to the quality of the piece, and is within the sole discretion of our editors.

We welcome brief submissions of 250 words or less as to what issues you would be able to speak on concerning our Fall 2009 Symposium. I expect to get back to potential speakers as soon as possible, as this event if fast approaching. Please feel free to contact Christine Burke, Symposium Editor (burke.christine5 [at] gmail.com).

-Bridget Crawford

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Effect of Breastfeeding on Women With History of Breast Cancer

Buried deep within today’s NYT was this article about the effect of breastfeeding on younger women with a history of breast cancer:

Although several studies have found that  lactation is protective against breast cancer, the new report found little effect for premenopausal women over all. But for women with an immediate relative, like a mother or a sister, who had breast cancer, those who breast-fed had a 59 percent lower risk of premenopausal breast cancer. That is closer in line with the risk for women who had no disease in the family, the study found.“I was sort of stunned,”said Dr. Alison M. Stuebe, the first author of the study and an assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the  University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.”It’s an impressive reduction in risk. Other studies either hadn’t looked at this or didn’t include enough women with a family history to find a statistically significant difference.”

Yes, that’s right – a 59 percent lower risk for these women with an immediate relative with breast cancer!  Read the rest of the article for yourself here.    I helpfully provide the link because the story is difficult to find.    It’s not  on the front page of the paper nor on the front page of the Science section.   It’s not even summarized on the front page of the online section of the Science section (only a link), apparently bumped by other, more newsworthy articles.   See (here) for yourself.

Interesting the placement of this article, considering how much front page attention the media has given to the benefits of breastfeeding  for the baby (and all the guilt-tripping of those women who don’t).   The media message seems to be:     You should  breastfeed if you’re a good mom (although we’re not going to make it any easier for you by actually giving you a place to breastfeed at work, for example…) but not because it’s good for mom.

Yes, I am assuming that there are some women who may breastfeed because it will  save their lives who might not otherwise, for whatever reason  — and so what?

-Nancy Kim

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Marie Claire magazine is featuring an article entitled “The New Trophy Wives: Asian Women”

Written by a woman named Ying Chu and accessible online here, the theme of the piece is reflected in its final sentence: “Asian women dating white men may never really know if it’s a fetish thing.” There are a lot of generalizations in the article, and I’m posting the link at the request of a blogroll member.

–Ann Bartow

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“Echoes: 50 Years of Progress for Women in Politics. Satisfied Yet?”

A look at how far women have come in politics in the last 50 years, and at why we still have much further to go. From The New Agenda, thenewagenda.net. Via.

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“Wilder Women”

That’s the title of this interesting New Yorker article about Laura Ingalls Wilder and her daughter Rose. Via.

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Paranoid or Dead: The modern woman’s dilemma.

That’s a line from this post by Amanda Hess entitled Rape Prevention Tips From Rapists: Stay Inside Or Die A Horrible Death. Here’s a short excerpt:

It’s not difficult to parse the real message in this advice:If you don’t want to get raped, stop being a woman. And if you can’t do that, live a life in complete fear of who you are. Stop growing your hair out:you tempt the rapists. Stop wearing skirts:you tempt the rapists. And then a little curveball: Stop doing anything too manly, either, like leaving the house without a man:you tempt the rapists. Just stop having a vagina to tempt the rapists already. Instead, live your life paralyzed by a fear of rape, because, as one tip says, it’s”better than having them find your body in a remote location.”Because, as women, that’s our only choice: hate our lives, or die horrifically.

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Sex Stereotyping, Legal Research and Feminist Activism

[From Indiana University School of Law – Indianapolis student Amelia Deibert]

I thought you all would be interested in an experience I had with Westlaw recently:

I  was  researching  cross-examination tactics, and I happened upon an American Jurisprudence Trials article entitled “Cross-examination of Plaintiff and Plaintiff’s Witnesses” (Westlaw citation is 6 AMJUR TRIALS 201):

(Keep in mind this from a section titled “Particular Witnesses” and the “particular witnesses” covered are children, the “aged” and women)

§ 45. Women

Women, of all types of witness, show the widest range of personality traits while on the stand, because they are usually much more emotional than men, and less inclined to observe and to relate occurrences on the basis of intellectual impressions alone. Paradoxically, most women are less inclined to exaggerate than are certain types of men, and are much more observant of minute details than are most men. As a rule, it can generally be said that women do not make strong witnesses on questions involving technical or factual matters, but make excellent witnesses on those matters involving close observation.

One characteristic common to practically all women witnesses is their responsiveness to a courteous and gentle approach by the cross-examiner. In most cases, friendly persuasion will do more toward getting a female witness to make admissions or concessions damaging to the plaintiff than will any other method of cross-examination. Surprising results sometimes can be obtained by carefully and politely, yet persistently, urging the witness to make concessions, in language similar to the following: “Mrs. Smith, isn’t it possible …?” or, Mrs. Smith, you will agree, won’t you, that this is true …?” or, “Mrs. Smith, you will certainly concede that this is the fact ….”[FN12]

Editor’s Comment: The publisher regrets any assessment of a female witness that tends to characterize her as less reliable than her male counterpart, and would caution an attorney to refrain from indulging in stereotypes.

§ 46. Women:Emotional outbursts

Women frequently seek refuge in tears when pressed into a difficult position on cross-examination or made angry by the cross-examiner. It is very important, therefore, that the defense attorney keep a close watch on the woman witness throughout the cross-examination. He must be ready to ease the pressure quickly and without hesitation, shifting to another phase of cross-examination at once. Another method of counteracting the tears of a witness is to ask the witness directly whether counsel has mistreated her in any way. For example, she might be asked, “Mrs. Smith, have I said or done anything here today that has been discourteous or improper?” Since a careful cross-examiner never allows himself to be either, particularly with a woman witness, the jury quickly gets the point, loses patience with the witness and becomes sympathetic to the defense attorney.

I complained to Westlaw … and was informed they decided to remove the section entirely.

—Amelia Deibert ’10

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Posted in Academia, Feminism and Law, Guest Blogger, Legal Profession | 1 Comment

“‘Women are getting more beautiful’ – Getting the story right”

I blogged about this previously, and found a response by the study author, Marcus Jokela via a link to my post, the title of which is misunderstood, as I was accusing the Times Online of sexism, not the researcher. Anyway, here is his account of how his study was twisted:

Having your study publicized by the media is nice. Having your study misrepresented and misinterpreted in the process is not. The media coverage of my paper on physical attractiveness and having children had a bad start and even worse follow-up. The origin of the problem: Times Online news article sexing up the finding a bit too much (I wasn’t interviewed for this article at all and heard about it only after it had been published). Then things got worse with other journalists copying & slightly modifying the Times Online piece. Naturally, things were further muddled by the If-I-were-a-movie-critic-I-would-rate-movies-without-seeing-them-and-just-by-relying-on-discussions-overheard-in-a-pub columnists, the I-haven’t-read-the-paper-but-here’s-my-take-on-it-anyway bloggers and the ever so alert This-research-is-nonsense-I-want-my-tax-money-back-even-if-the-research-was-not-funded-by-my-tax-money readers.

Here are some clarifications and corrections to the press coverage. If you feel too exhausted reading it all, just try to focus on the words printed in bold. The original article can be found here.

1) The main point of the study was to see whether attractiveness predicts fertility in a contemporary American population, not whether people are becoming more or less attractive over time. The evolutionary extrapolation that people are becoming more attractive is just that – an extrapolation that depends on assumptions not tested in the study, e.g., whether the association holds over time. Basically, the argument is clear: given that attractiveness is partly heritable and it is associated with reproductive differentials, the mechanism of sexual selection is expected to increase the mean of the trait over generations. This possibility was only briefly mentioned in the article …

The entire post is a terrific account of the way legitimate science gets deployed against women by the mainstream press. Also, the author hilariously writes:

There were some other, more minor misconceptions presented in the news articles but I will not bother to comment them all. On the other hand, there were also some news articles that were quite accurate in reporting the finding. It is worth adding that the few people who actually read my article were quite quick to notice that it did not make the claims that were circulated around in the media. I got several e-mails from these people because they were wondering if they had somehow misunderstood the original article!

On the more amusing side, the media flurry did have one funny unintended consequence. The Fox News covered the story by telling the viewers that evolution is driving women to become even more beautiful. A note to future historians: when tracing back the turning point at which conservatives begun to believe in the theory of evolution, please cite my article.

–Ann Bartow

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“Comprehensive Health Insurance Reform: An Essential Prescription for Women”

That is the title of a new report issued by the Congressional Joint Economic Committee, chaired by Rep. Carolyn Maloney (D-NY). Below is the abstract:

The status-quo health insurance system is serving women poorly. An estimated 64 million women lack adequate health insurance. Over half of all medical bankruptcies are filed by female-headed households. For too many women and their families today, quality, affordable health care is out of reach. Women are more vulnerable to high health care costs than men. Several factors explain why. First, women’s health needs differ from men’s, so women are obliged to interact more regularly with the health care system – regardless of whether they have adequate insurance coverage or not. Second, women are more likely to be conomically vulnerable and therefore face devastating consequences when faced with a mounting pile of medical bills. The inability of the current system to adequately serve women’s health care needs has come at great expense. One recent study estimates that women’s chronic disease conditions cost hundreds of billions of dollars

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Posted in Feminism and Economics, Feminism and Law, Feminism and Medicine, If you're a woman, Women's Health | 1 Comment

Judge Reportedly Questioned Whether Woman Was Raped Because She Was “On Top”

That’s the headline from this blog post, which reports that Texas State District Judge Kevin Fine, elected as a Democrat, is alleged to have told a rape victim in his court that he didn’t believe she was raped because she was “on top” during the act, as follows:

“… There are no transcripts yet to the July 31 hearing, which came after the defendant was convicted and before he was sentenced. Transcripts are being prepared for appeals. But observers in the courtroom have spread word of the alleged comment, and it will likely come up in the appellate process.

A woman can’t be raped if she’s on top? That will be difficult to explain away.

Fine tells Hair Balls he can’t comment on the case because it’s still pending, but he did offer a general take on events. He said the method he used in questioning some of the evidence was “incorrect,” and it seems from his answer that his doubts were based on more than just the “on top” issue. We’ll print his response here in full.

The manner in which I went about garnering answers to my questions that I had, and that I needed answered prior to assessing appropriate punishment for the defendant, was incorrect. I should not have gone about it in the manner in which I went about it.

In other words, I should not — probably the better method would have been to call counsel into chambers and express my concerns directly to them, demonstrating all of the physical evidence that I was looking at that did not match what the complainant had to say during [the] guilt/innocence and during [the] punishment [phases of the trial].

And then let them flesh it out with the witness, rather than me question the witness, because of the appearance that I didn’t believe the witness, or was picking on the witness, which I don’t think a judge should do. Although in certain circumstances maybe it’s appropriate.

I think in light of the nature of the offense the better means would have been to call counsel for both sides into chambers, express my concerns, explain my concerns based on the evidence I had in front of me — and by that I mean the physical evidence — and then let them flesh it out.

As to whether the concerns included the woman being on top, as others in the courtroom have alleged, Fine said he couldn’t comment.

That will be answered whenever the transcripts are released; still, it’s clear that something unusual went on that day.

The defendant was reportedly sentenced to 25 years, which seems to indicate Fine considered his doubts addressed. …”

–Ann Bartow, via my fantastic former student R.

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“Resources for Lawyers with Substance Abuse Questions”

From Leadership, Women, Lawyers:

Here are resources specifically for lawyers with substance abuse questions, in all 50 states and DC:

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Washington DC

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“REAL VS. FAKE: Photoshopped Celebrities, Before & After” at StilettoREVOLT

Terrific post here, below is a short excerpt:

alba A&B [1]

Jessica Alba

Repositioned her head, eyes, and hair strands,
Thinned waist, thighs and knees,
Raised and enhanced chest/cleavage.


penelope Bpenelope A [2]

Penelope Cruz

De-frizzed and repositioned hair strands,
Lowered neckline, enhanced cleavage,
Thinned rib cage, softened collar bone,
Removed wrinkles around eyes and mouth.

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Why doesn’t the media talk more about the fact that Laura Ling and Euna Lee were investigating sex trafficking?

Wouldn’t you think the media would be a little more invested in figuring out why Ling and Lee were considered threats by North Korea? It’s because they were investigating sex trafficking for Current TV, as only briefly noted in this NYT article, which states: “It ended a harrowing ordeal for the two women, who were stopped on March 17 by soldiers near North Korea’s border with China while researching a report about women and human trafficking.” I hope that Ling and Lee will be given a platform to talk about their research, in addition to their release, very soon. Via Heart, note the following:

According to the 2008 U.S. State Department Report on Trafficking in Persons:

Highly Vulnerable: North Korean Refugees

Extremely poor economic and humanitarian conditions in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (D.P.R.K.) combined with a severe shortage of jobs, a lack of basic freedoms, and a system of political repression have led many North Koreans to seek a way out. They escaped across the border into the People’s Republic of China (P.R.C.) where tens of thousands of North Koreans may now reside illegally, more than half of whom are women. With conditions in their home country making North Koreans ripe for exploitation, the Tumen and Yalu River borders are”hot spots”for the trafficking of mostly North Korean women and girls.

Some North Korean women and children voluntarily cross the border into China and then in a foreign environment are captured by traffickers for both sexual exploitation and forced labor. Other times they are lured out of North Korea with the promise of a”better life”as waitresses or factory workers, then prostituted in brothels or ensnared in coercive labor arrangements. Some of the women are sold as brides to Chinese nationals, usually within the ethnically Korean border region.

Exacerbating their plight, North Koreans discovered by Chinese authorities are treated as illegal economic migrants in China and threatened with forced repatriation where they face severe punishment, or even execution, for escaping. A core principle of an effective anti-trafficking strategy is the protection of all victims, including foreign nationals. While the P.R.C. has taken some steps to address trafficking in persons across its borders with Vietnam and Burma, it has done little to address the status of vulnerable North Koreans within its borders, and does not provide North Korean trafficking victims with legal alternatives to their removal from China. The humanitarian and economic situation in the D.P.R.K. has not shown marked improvement. Neither government is doing enough to punish or prevent the trafficking of North Korean men, women, and children.

I’m thrilled that Ling and Lee were released and I hope they are willing and able to continue their important work.

–Ann Bartow

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Posted in Acts of Violence, Coerced Sex, Sisters In Other Nations | 3 Comments

Glenn Beck Jokes About Poisoning Nancy Pelosi

Via.

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Targeted Women

From here, via Mike Madison.

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Women are supposed to be sexually available to men, that’s our assigned role; if we are hot, we are supposed to put out since we are signaling we want sex, and if we are not hot, we are supposed to be so grateful for male attention we do anything the attending dood wants. Otherwise, death to us…

Some links and post excerpts about the Sodini murders:

Anna N. at Jezebel:

Sodini was clearly disturbed, but his bilious diary displays an extreme version of a type of grievance misogyny that is all too common. His conviction that all the “desirable single women” in the country are collectively rejecting him, even though he is not “too weird” seems at first like the antithesis of the bluster of pickup artists and “game” aficionados, but a glance at repugnablog Roissy in DC reveals a connection. In a post about the shooting, Roissy writes,

“When men kill women, the underlying reason is almost always an unfulfilled psychosexual need. This goes for spree shooters, rapists, and serial killers. I’m not surprised Sodini hasn’t had sex in nearly 20 years. As I’ve written before, to men celibacy is walking death, and anything is justified in avoiding that miserable fate.”

Roissy’s contention that “anything is justified” to help men avoid celibacy is terrifying, but more subtly disturbing is his assumption that Sodini’s rampage was directly caused by women refusing to sleep with him. Like Sodini himself, Roissy assumes that Sodini shot up a gym because women rejected him, not that women rejected him because he was the kind of guy who would one day shoot up a gym.

From Amanda Marcotte we learn that Sodini was taking a seminar from R. Don Steele, who writes Pick Up Artist-style books like Date Young Women: For Men Over 35 and Body Language Secrets.

NYT columnist Bob Herbert wrote:

Life in the United States is mind-bogglingly violent. But we should take particular notice of the staggering amounts of violence brought down on the nation’s women and girls each and every day for no other reason than who they are. They are attacked because they are female.

A girl or woman somewhere in the U.S. is sexually assaulted every couple of minutes or so. The number of seriously battered wives and girlfriends is far beyond the ability of any agency to count.

There were so many sexual attacks against women in the armed forces that the Defense Department had to revise its entire approach to the problem.

We would become much more sane, much healthier, as a society if we could bring ourselves to acknowledge that misogyny is a serious and pervasive problem, and that the twisted way so many men feel about women, combined with the absurdly easy availability of guns, is a toxic mix of the most tragic proportions.

From law prof Mike Madison:

As I wrote on my local blog this morning, the truth here is that this was an act of violence against women everywhere.

The Women and Girls Foundation, local elected officials, the National Organization of Women, National Council of Jewish Women, and Pittsburghers Against Domestic Violence didn’t need me to say that. They know. They have already mobilized in support of a candlelight vigil for the victims and their families that will take place tonight (Thursday, August 6) in Downtown Pittsburgh.

It is doubtful, unfortunately, that the vigil and its message will attract the coverage that followed the shooting itself, or that the violence-against-women narrative will displace the isolated-loner-gunman-and-the-innocent-victims narrative.

Supposedly liberal doods like   Markos Moulitsas of Daily Kos and Greg Mitchell at the HuffPo and an editorial page editor at The Boston Globe don’t see the mass murder as directed at women though. They just want to frame Sodini as a right wing Republican because that is what best serves their personal and professional interests, unlike calling out misogyny.

–Ann Bartow

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Posted in Acts of Violence, Feminism and Culture, Sexism in the Media, Sociolinguistics | 1 Comment

Bridget Crawford is fantastic!

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Everybody who knows Bridget already knows this of course. But I thought I’d remark on it anyway.     I’m very very lucky to have her as a friend and co-administrator of this blog.

–Ann Bartow

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Posted in Blog Administration | 1 Comment

A “Joe Job”?

There was a disturbance in the social media network yesterday, which especially effected Twitter and Facebook. The WaPo reports:

… Some news outlets, such as The Register, say the surge in Internet traffic that crushed Twitter was the result of a “Joe Job.” This is a type of reputation attack in which a large volume of spam is sent out designed to look like it came from someone else, with the intention of incurring anger against that person by the recipients of the spam, or causing the apparent sender’s account to be suspended for allegedly sending spam. …

CNET News says in part:

A Georgian blogger with accounts on Twitter, Facebook, LiveJournal, and Google’s Blogger and YouTube was targeted in a denial-of-service attack that led to the sitewide outage at Twitter and problems at the other sites on Thursday, according to a Facebook executive.

The blogger, who uses the account name “Cyxymu,” (the name of a town in the Republic of Georgia) had accounts on all of the different sites that were attacked at the same time, Max Kelly, chief security officer at Facebook, told CNET News.

“It was a simultaneous attack across a number of properties targeting him to keep his voice from being heard,” Kelly said. “We’re actively investigating the source of the attacks, and we hope to be able to find out the individuals involved in the back end and to take action against them, if we can.” …

Feminists are all too familiar with technological approaches to silencing. This bears watching.

–Ann Bartow

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Somebody needs a brain makeover.

There is a post at the Chron blog entitled “Blonded by Science” that states:

A dismal 7 percent of adult Americans are science literate, but James Trefil has a secret weapon that could send that number cartwheeling into the double digits: cheerleaders. Specifically, the members of the Philadelphia 76ers squad.

Working with Darlene Cavalier, a former Sixers cheerleader-turned-science-journalist, Mr. Trefil, a physics professor at George Mason University, hopes to improve science education with a Web page called Brain Makeover.

Here’s how it works: First watch a series of video clips of Sixers cheerleaders stating key scientific concepts and shaking their pompoms. Then test what you’ve learned by taking a short quiz.

Somewhere in the middle of it all Mr. Trefil provides brief science lessons. (Hint: Look below each of the clips.) We got distracted by the swirling quarks and leptons, and failed the quiz. Dismally.

From the Brain Makeover site:

To start your Brain Makeover, click on any one of the ideas listed below to watch a 76er cheerleader share the concept and to read Professor Trefil’s explanation.

1. The universe is regular and predictable.

2. Energy is conserved and always moves from more useful to less useful forms.

3. Electricity and magnetism are two sides of the same coin.

4. All matter is made of atoms.

5. Everything comes in discrete units and you can’t measure anything without changing it.

6. Atoms are bound by electron glue.

7. The way a material behaves depends on how its atoms are arranged.

8. Nuclear energy comes from the conversion of mass.

9. All matter is made from quarks and leptons.

10. Stars live and stars die.

11. The universe was born at a specific time and had been expanding ever since.

12. Every observer sees the same laws of nature.

13. The surface of the Earth is constantly changing.

14. The Earth operates in many cycles.

15. All living things are made from cells, the chemical factories of life.

16. All life is based on the same genetic code.

17. All forms of life evolved by natural selection.

18. All life is connected.

Anybody feel smarter? And where are the cheering, scantily clad men? Via Zuska, who notes:

These god-awful videos are akin to the long-standing practice of sexist science dudes including cheesecake photos in the middle of their science slide presentations for “comic relief” or to “entertain the audience”. In fact, they are just an extension of that practice. “Look! Sexy babes ‘n’ science! Did I get your attention?”

–Ann Bartow

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Posted in Academia, Feminism and Science, Sociolinguistics | 2 Comments

Reg Graycar and Jenny Jane Morgan, “Equality Rights: What’s Wrong?”

Abstract:
In 2009, Australia is debating whether to have a national bill of rights and remains one of the last western democracies that has not yet legislated for (or indeed constitutionally entrenched) some form of human rights law. Nor is there any guaranteed right to ‘equality’. Nonetheless, as feminist legal scholars, our work has been centrally concerned with issues of equality. We argue that equality is deeply implicated as a value in the Australian legal system, despite the absence of some formal instrument or constitutional guarantee.

This discussion asks, perhaps controversially, whether there might be some advantages that flow from that lacuna. Does an absence of formal rights protection leave room for flexibility and for more creative responses for those who have been left outside the mainstream of the legal community? We explore some of the traditional critiques of rights discourses and the persistence of formal equality as the preferred model. We then interrogate these issues by reference to two case studies: first, the recognition of lesbian and gay familial relationships and secondly, in the context of the law governing the regulation of abortion.

Downloadable here.

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Posted in Feminism and Law, Feminist Legal Scholarship, Sisters In Other Nations | 1 Comment

Frank Rudy Cooper, “Race and Essentialism in Gloria Steinem”

The abstract:
This short essay was solicited for the 20th Anniversary Critical Race Theory Workshop in 2009. It celebrates Angela Harris’s trail blazing essay, Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory. Harris argues against essentialism, which is the idea that we can identify characteristics of identity groups that describe their fundamental experiences and interests. This essay analyzes an important moment in the 2008 Presidential campaign. Just before the New Hampshire Democratic primary, which was predicted to effectively knock Senator Hillary Clinton out of the field, famous feminist Gloria Steinem published an editorial entitled Women Are Never Frontrunners. The editorial contends that a woman could never succeed on front-running Senator Barack Obama’s credentials and that Clinton was being harmed by sexism. This essay argues that Steinem’s editorial exhibits essentialism. Applying masculinities studies theory to the campaign shows that masculinity played a more complicated role for Obama than simply being an advantaging factor. Rather, because of his particular masculine identities, Obama had to simultaneously avoid the stereotype of the angry black man and face criticism for being too feminine.

Downloadable here.

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Caroline Bettinger-Lopez, “Human Rights at Home: Domestic Violence as a Human Rights Violation”

The abstract:

In 2005, Jessica Lenahan (formerly Gonzales) initiated the first international legal action against the United States for violating the human rights of a domestic violence victim. Ms. Lenahan’s petition to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Jessica Gonzales v. United States, alleged that the Castle Rock, Colorado police failed to protect her from the violent acts of her estranged husband, despite the guarantees contained in her restraining order against him, and that the U.S. judicial system (including the U.S. Supreme Court, which rejected her 14th Amendment procedural due process claim in June 2005) denied her a remedy for law enforcement’s failure to respond appropriately to her. Through these actions, she contended, the U.S. government was responsible for violations of the American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man – specifically the rights to life, security, family, due process, equality, truth, and freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. The U.S. government, represented by the State Department, has vigorously defended itself in the case, which is now at the final stage – the merits stage. A decision is expected in mid-2009.

Jessica Gonzales v. United States marks the first time the Commission has been asked to consider the nature and extent of the U.S. Government’s affirmative obligations to protect individuals from private acts of discriminatory violence. The case gives the Commission the opportunity to hold the United States to well-established international standards on state responsibility to exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate, and punish human rights violations and protect and compensate victims. The Gonzales case offers advocates the opportunity to contrast existing U.S. law and policy in the civil rights arena with international human rights principles. While the former provides only limited opportunities for private relief against governmental officers and has suffered a significant rollback in recent years, the latter holds federal, state, and local government actors to a higher and more expansive standard. Indeed, international human rights principles – in contrast to U.S. constitutional jurisprudence – make clear that the government has an affirmative obligation to protect individuals from private acts of violence, to investigate alleged violations and publicly report the results, and to provide an adequate and effective remedy when these duties are breached.

The Gonzales case has also facilitated the mobilization of new coalitions among women’s rights and domestic violence advocacy groups. By framing domestic violence as a human rights violation, the case challenges advocates and policymakers to re-think the current approach to domestic violence in the U.S., and asks whether fundamental rights are being respected, protected, and fulfilled. This holistic approach has the potential to spur development of new legal theories of governmental accountability for failure to protect domestic violence victims. The human rights framework pushes us to consider whether our country’s current response to domestic violence, based largely upon a criminal justice model, is really a one-size-fits-all solution for protecting victims, especially those from communities that have troubled histories with law enforcement.

This article tells the story of Jessica Gonzales’s international quest for justice, her initiation of the first international legal action against the United States for violating the human rights of a domestic violence victim, and the impact of her journey on domestic violence and human rights advocacy in the United States and abroad. While her story could not have unfolded without Ms. Gonzales’ very personal drive and commitment, it holds the potential to reshape domestic violence advocacy in the United States, and more broadly, the role of human rights standards in the domestic legal landscape.

Downloadable here.

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Shocking! Housework is Still Mostly Women’s Work

In another case of empirical data backing up our already-widespread understandings, recently released data reveals that women do far more housework than men.  The report is here.

This Bureau of Labor Statistics report shows that 2003 to 2007, women spent an average of 10.8 hours more each week doing unpaid housework than men.     Lest we think this is a disparity passing with the generations, it’s worth noting that the largest sex differential is between men and women in the 25- to 34-year old cohort, where women spend 31.7 hours a week compared to men’s 15.8 hours.     Although the gap narrows for older people, it’s worth considering that it is in one’s 20s and 30s that one establishes one’s professional situation for life, and the fact that women spend twice as much time as men on housework would seem closely connected to the economic inequality between men and women.

Deborah Solomon covers the report for the WSJ here.

-Darren Rosenblum

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From the Department of Evolutionary Economics: “We find that women bid significantly higher than men in their menstrual and premenstrual phase but do not bid significantly different in other phases of the menstrual cycle.”

Two economists have posted their article “Menstrual Cycle and Competitive Bidding” to SSRN. Here is the abstract, from which the sentence in the post title was taken:

In an experiment using two-bidder first-price sealed bid auctions with symmetric independent private values, we collected information on the female participants’ menstrual cycles. We find that women bid significantly higher than men in their menstrual and premenstrual phase but do not bid significantly different in other phases of the menstrual cycle. We suggest an evolutionary hypothesis according to which women are genetically predisposed by hormones to generally behave more riskily during their fertile phase of their menstrual cycle in order to increase the probability of conception, quality of offspring, and genetic variety. Our finding is in contrast to results by Chen, Katuscak and Ozdenoren (2005, 2009).

Downloadable here, if you care to read it. No doubt it makes perfect sense to the authors to equate mock “bidding” behaviors with choosing sexual partners.

–Ann Bartow

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Posted in Academia, Feminism and Economics | 1 Comment

CFP: Carrie Chapman Catt Prize for Research on Women and Politics

From the FLP Mailbox, this call for submissions for a grant competition:

Call for Proposals   Carrie Chapman Catt Prize for Research on Women and Politics
Postmark Deadline: November 2, 2009

The Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics in the College of   Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University is pleased to announce the competition for the 2009 Carrie Chapman Catt Prize for Research on Women and Politics.

This annual competition is designed to encourage and reward scholars embarking on significant research in the area of women and politics.   Numerous proposals from a variety of academic disciplines are received each year. Proposals are blind-reviewed by a faculty committee.

The prize includes a $1,000 cash award for each project selected. Honorable mention prizes of $500 per project are sometimes given.

Proposals for the 2009 Carrie Chapman Catt Prize for Research on Women and Politics must be postmarked by November 2, 2009.   Research projects submitted for prize consideration can address any topic related to women and politics. Scholars at any level, including graduate students and junior faculty members, can apply.

More details are available here.

– Bridget Crawford

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Women targeted for murder on the basis of gender alone yet again.

The first two sentences from this NYT article report:

Tortured by loneliness and his lack of success with women, George Sodini developed a plan to get even. On Tuesday night, he executed it, opening fire in a fitness center here and hitting 12 women, 3 fatally, before turning a gun on himself.

Women as a class didn’t do what he wanted, so Sodini killed women he did not even know to “get even.” Sounds all too familiar; see also, see also. To paraphrase a friend, books like”The Rules”&”He’s Really Not That Into You”assumes it’s women who are desperate and bitter, but men are the ones doing the killing.

–Ann Bartow

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Posted in Acts of Violence, If you're a woman, The Overrepresentation of Women | 2 Comments

Not So Old-Timey Sexism

Spotted yesterday on a man in my neighborhood.

-Bridget Crawford

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More Old-Timey Sexism

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-Tony Varona

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Time Allocation, “Work,” and “Household Activities”

Here‘s this really interesting interactive graph from the NY Times, which purports to show how different demographics spend their time.

What’s interesting for feminists is the extent to which women spend less time on “work” and more time on “household activities.”   I wonder how many of those “household activities” would be labelled as work by the (mostly) women who perform them.     The graph reveals the persistence of crucial misunderstandings about what constitutes work and who performs it.   This misunderstandings create huge distortions in public policy that favor benefits and recognition for those in the “public” workforce to the exclusion of those (mostly women) who do other kinds of work (housekeeping, child rearing, charity work, etc.).

-Darren Rosenblum

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Posted in Employment Discrimination, Feminism and Families | 2 Comments

The Road to Hell is Paved With (Allegedly) Good Intentions: Supreme Court of Alabama Opinion Raises Important Rape Shield Questions

We are not unmindful of the very personal nature of the information sought from Carlisle regarding her past conduct. Nor do we intend to suggest that a plaintiff with a promiscuous past could not feel the same shame and humiliation as someone without such a past if involuntarily subjected to sexual harassment in the workplace by someone in a position of authority. The fact remains, however, that, in an appropriate case, the relationship between a plaintiff’s past sexual conduct and the question whether the defendant’s conduct was consensual and the extent to which the plaintiff was injured thereby will be questions for the jury. Moore should not be prevented from presenting his theory of the case by a blanket assertion that Carlisle’s past conduct could not have any bearing on the issues raised in this case.

The Supreme Court of Alabama, Ex parte Carlisle, 2009 WL 1875566 (Ala. 2009).

Here are the details of Carlisle, and I will let readers decide for themselves whether they agree with the court.

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Posted in Acts of Violence, Courts and the Judiciary, Feminism and the Workplace | 1 Comment

God Wears a Toga in My Dreams

What is it about fashion designers and bondage?  The ad campaign for “Elohim by  Sabrina Goh” is both incomprehensible and entirely familiar (women in chains, bound legs, etc.).  According to her website, Goh is a self-described “Malaysian born, Singapore based designer” who claims God as her “motivation for her to do her collection.”  Good thing I’m not a fashion designer, because my image of the divine leans toward the Belushi-in-toga and that wouldn’t sell.

The ads are classic conflagrations of sexism, violence and fashion to my eye.  Is there a racial dimension, too?  What is the significance of the models’ whiteness?  How might the ads have been different if Goh had used women of all colors as models?  What if Ms. Goh had chosen only Japanese models?   Only Chinese models?  African models?  African-American models?  Malay models?

A safe-for-work still from the ad campaign is below the jump.

-Bridget Crawford

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Posted in Race and Racism, Sexism in the Media | Comments Off on God Wears a Toga in My Dreams

The Chooser’s Choice

Feminist Law Prof Nancy Kim writing here on “Complicating the Abortion Discussion” reflected on sex-selective abortions, as described in this New York Times article.   Professor Kim provided context for the meaning of “reproductive freedom,” explaining that for some Chinese women, the issue has been coerced or forced abortions.  In the U.S., feminists tend to think of choice in terms of access to abortion.

Merle Hoffman, editor of On the Issues magazine, responds here to the New York Times article with a column entitled, “Selecting the Same Sex.”  Hoffman describes her experience counseling a woman who wanted an abortion.  The woman was married and had two children already.  She was pregnant with a girl.

This is the place where my feminism and pro-choice philosophies collided violently. I sat across from her and thought of her fetus and the”primal birth defect”[of femaleness] it carried and felt rage and despair, as if it were me she would be negating.

I so much wanted to say: “No. STOP! You should not.”Not”You cannot,”but”You should not.”Yes, this feminist makes judgments — value judgments — and, sometimes, I disagree profoundly with some women’s choices.

I would not personally make a decision to abort on that basis — or for some of the other reasons that women present themselves for abortions.

But I have spent the better part of my life defending the principle of reproductive freedom and have provided the service to thousands of women for over 38 years because, ultimately, women do and should have the right to make what may be to others the wrong choice.

It’s about separating the chooser from the choice.

Hoffman’s full column is available here.  I have read the piece several times now.  I find it thoughtful, thought-provoking and a bit confusing.  That is because the implications of the discussion are confusing.  Hoffman’s writing is clear.

I take Hoffman to argue that feminists who support choice (as in access to abortion) should support any choice a woman makes without regard to the content of the choice (i.e., to abort or to carry a pregnancy to term).  Hoffman says, “the active will and power of choosing itself that has unconditional value, not the result of the choosing.”

Hoffman’s position appeals to me tremendously.  It emphasizes autonomy and individual freedom.  It doesn’t judge the content of the choice, but rather the conditions of the choice (or, in Hoffman’s language, she separates “the chooser from the choice”).  I wonder, though, what is lost in emphasizing the chooser over the choice.  Are all choices equally valid, if the choice is made in the context of a society in which women and men do not have equal incomes, healthcare, employment opportunities, family responsibilities?

I agree with Hoffman that the solution “is to create a world where women truly have both equal and human rights. The solution is to focus on changing the need for the choice of abortion.”  But that seems much more difficult and overwhelming than, say, disallowing sex-selective abortions.  And, at the same time, prohibiting sex-selective abortions would be inconsistent with a commitment to allowing each individual to control her own reproduction.  Does that mean there never can be an absolute moral wrong, as in, it is wrong to terminate a pregnancy because the fetus is female?  My guess is that Hoffman would say that this is rhetoric borrowed from the religious right.  She warns that, “[t]o accept the language of the opposition is the cede our moral compass.”

I am struggling with the question of whether over-emphasizing the chooser cedes the moral compass, too. 

-Bridget Crawford

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Posted in Reproductive Rights | 1 Comment

Tagging, Tiffany Style

I laughed out loud today when I read Cintra Wilson’s review (here) of the Tiffany & Co. branch on Wall Street.  She compliments the interior design for its accommodation of the building’s original Beaux-Arts details.  She restrains herself in talking about the jewelry, describing the Elsa Peretti hearts as “gloopy,” and saying that one bracelet looks like a “cubist zucchini.”  The best, though, was her description of the ubiquitous silver heart one can find on bracelets, necklaces, earrings, key rings:

I have always been mystified by Tiffany’s heart-shaped silver dog tags, worn on a choke chain, with the engraved instructions, “Please return to Tiffany & Co.”  This, I have always assumed, is precautionary: If your lady gets lost, someone will put her on a plane back to the jewelry store.  In any case, they are hugely popular.

I’ve never liked the aesthetics of this particular line of jewelry, and I especially don’t like seeing pre-teen girls wear it (eww).  I agree with Cinta that the “please return to” charm is just darn weird.  There’s the women-as-pets motif, which is clear, and the if-I’m-lost-I’m-too-dumb-to-know-where-to-go angle.  But let’s assume that the wearer separates accidentally or involuntarily from her bauble.  What is the chance that lost or stolen jewelry will be returned to Tiffany?

-Bridget Crawford

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Posted in Feminism and Culture | Comments Off on Tagging, Tiffany Style