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, In this section, children are the standard unit we are describing, even when not explicitly stating so in the text. For example, an offender who had a conviction or caution outside England and Wales and was arrested by a police force in England and Wales would be counted as a first time offender. The custody rate for this offence was 19% for females in 2019, compared with 26% for males. In 2017, the national average paid in child support to custodial parents amounted to $3,431 per year. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. Figure 5.06: Remand status at magistrates courts, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Figure 5.08: Median number of days from offence to completion, by offence group and sex, 2019. There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. Youth custody report for July 2014 published. The overall level of concordance between sentences proposed and sentences given (excluding Other) has fallen from 74% in 2017 to 68% in 2018 and was 60% in 2019. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. The conviction ratio has been consistently higher for female offenders over the last 5 years, and was 88% in 2019, compared to 87% for males. , We were only able to match data on those children who are both in DfE and MoJ datasets so cannot provide analysis specifically for non-offenders with these characteristics. The main source of referral was the police, accounting for 60% of male and 68% of female young people. , A first reception is a measure which counts a prisoners first movement into custody following a court hearing for a particular set of offences committed. Statistics show that women are awarded child custody in nearly 90 percent of all cases. Figure 4.01: Number of arrests, by age group and sex, 2015/16 to 2019/20. Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. , See technical guide for more information on what this service covers. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or custody. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. , Remands data in this section are based on the Crown Courts decision on whether a defendant prosecuted for a criminal offence, should during the court proceeding go on to be placed in custody or released on bail. , In 2019/20, the CPS moved from annual reporting, in the Violence Against Women and Girls annual report, to quarterly data. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of prosecutions for summary non-motoring offences has been decreasing for both male and female defendants, offset by increases in both indictable and summary motoring offences. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . The difference was greatest amongst those receiving fines, where a greater proportion of young females attained this level (22%) than the young male group (15%). Of the 34,300 defendants convicted for shoplifting, 9,600 (28%) were female. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. Police station advice alone accounts for 71% of the workload for both sexes in 2019, increasing from around 60% since 2012. Male victims were comparatively younger, with equal proportions within the 16-24 and 25-34 age groups (both 22%). Youth custody statistics for October 2013 published. In 2019, 1.07 million offenders were sentenced, of which 27% were female, a proportion which has remained stable over the last 5 years. In the 2019/20 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, females reported significantly more negative results for questions related to problems on arrival at prison. In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. Previous data representing ages 16-59 are therefore incomparable to data after April 2017. Self-harm in prison custody is defined as any act where a prisoner deliberately harms themselves irrespective of the method, intent or severity of any injury. In the last 5 years, females consistently had a higher proportion of prisoners who self-harmed and a higher number of instances of self-harm per 1,000 prisoners[footnote 66]. If we become concerned about whether these statistics are still meeting the appropriate standards, we will discuss any concerns with the Authority promptly. The total number of defendants in 2019 including those who fail to appear, companies and where gender is unknown was 1.44 million. According to the Pew Research study, when fathers and children live separately 22% of fathers see their children more than once a week. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. For example, 83% of mothers receive custody of their children in divorces. , Court outcomes figures split by sex and ethnicity is limited to indictable offences where is a robust proportion with known ethnicity. Self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3 instances, compared to 4.4 for males. This proportion has remained very similar over the last 5-year period. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. The largest percentage difference is for drug offences which have a median offence to completion that is 47% higher (49 days) for females in comparison to males. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation.] Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a larger proportion of young males (14%) had been permanently excluded compared to young females (10%). Youth custody data for January 2016 published. The number of TVLEO prosecutions has decreased for both female (down 30%) and male (down 37%) defendants since 2015, although the decrease between 2018 and 2019 was negligible compared to previous years. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: , Statistics on case management come from Criminal Court Statistics. In 2019, 1.29 million defendants[footnote 48] were directed to appear at magistrates courts (including those who failed to appear). , Other demographic data, such as age and ethnicity, are available in the Crime in England and Wales Annual Trend and Demographic Tables. Analysis of offender characteristics such as SEN and FSM is also based on academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15. The most common sentence for indictable benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 51% of females and 53% of males sentenced in 2019. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. The most common sentence for summary benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 45% of females and 58% of males convicted for this offence in 2019. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of females who come into contact with it. In 2019, 26% of the 1.25 million defendants of known sex that had a completed case were female. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner. GillespieShields. Similar falls have been seen in the number of defendants prosecuted over the last 5 years when broken down by sex; the number of prosecutions for male defendants fell by 11% to 904,000 in 2019 and prosecutions for female defendants fell by 12% to 324,000 in 2019. 2% of crime lower legal aid clients had an unstated sex. The report includes demographic and income data about custodial parents, and details child support income for custodial parents living below the poverty level. Figure 7.05: Proportion of children in the Criminal Justice System, by sex, England and Wales, 2019. As per the reports presented by the Custodial Mothers & Fathers and the Child Support (2015), the statistics presented by the United States Census Bureau indicated that there are around 13.7 million single parents in the United States. It is important to note that the number of female children receiving custodial sentences was lower than males (approximately 50 females compared to 1,100 males). This can be explained by a 7% rise for females and a 4% fall for males between 2018 and 2019. This compared to Black females, accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions White female defendants accounted for 87% of all female prosecutions, and this has been broadly stable since 2015. In 2019, 15% of males and 17% females elected to be tried at the Crown Court. In the same year, 51.7% of adults perceived the Criminal Justice System as effective; this did not significantly differ between sexes. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. Time Method View help for Time Method It is our intention to develop and test a new methodology that maintains our high professional standards and ensures that accurate, consistent series are available to all. This proportion has remained stable over the last 5 years (June 2015 June 2019) despite the overall fall of 18% in the under 18 custody population. in the year ending March 2019, 27.8% of people in youth custody were Black - more than double the percentage in the year ending March 2006 (12.5%) White people made up around half (50.6%) of young people in . Females of all age groups were more likely to experience domestic abuse than males. In 2019/20, violence against the person and theft offences accounted for the largest proportion of arrests for both males and females. As discussed in Chapter 5: Defendants, in 2019, 26% of individuals[footnote 113] prosecuted in England and Wales were female[footnote 114]. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. Little is known, however, about child custody evaluators beliefs, background, knowledge about domestic violence, and other factors that may shape their recommendations1 regarding custody and parent-child visitation arrangements. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. Isn't It Gender Discrimination? The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of what child custody evaluators and Figure 8.01: The proportion of male and female offenders prosecuted for each offence group, England and Wales, 2019. This includes those aged under 18 and 18 year olds. Fraud by failing to disclose information females made up 50% of 281 convictions in 2019, down 1 pp since 2015. A higher proportion of female prisoners self-harmed in 2019. The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. (2020). The overall levels of FSM eligibility for the cohort was slightly higher for the young female group (61%) compared to the young male group (57%). , 3% of young people identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. , A permanent exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded and who will not come back to that school (unless the exclusion is overturned). We use some essential cookies to make this website work. For example, data on arrests are presented in financial years, while data from courts is presented in calendar years. Of all females sentenced in 2019, Black female offenders had the highest custody rate[footnote 75] at 23%. The overall style and composition of the report have also been changed to align with Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018, with the intention of making it easier for readers to interpret the relative experiences of males and females throughout the CJS. Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. Publication Child Support for Custodial Mothers and Fathers: 1997 October 2000 These proportions have remained stable for the last 5 years. There were some differences between the gender groups at this attainment level across all disposals. TV licence evasion made up 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15 (62% for young females and 53% for young males). A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. (Office of National Statistics) In 2007, 27.6% of children lived with their mother in the UK, while just 2.4% lived only with their father. Over the last 5 years at Crown Court, there was a steady increase in the proportion of both male and female defendants who were not remanded, with a gradual increase of the proportion remanded in custody, offset by a decrease in the proportion of those bailed. An oral report is usually completed within 24 hours of conviction where a limited amount of information is required by the sentencing court. Figure 7.08: Adult reoffending rate by age group and sex, April 2017 to March 2018 offender cohort, England and Wales. A higher proportion of young females were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, were identified at risk of suicide, self-harm or harm through personal neglect and in need of accommodation, education, employment or training. , The cautioning rate is the number of offenders who were given a caution divided by the number who were either cautioned or convicted (excluding summary motoring offences). , For the detailed statistics for specific offences used in this chapter, see the Principal offence proceedings and outcomes by Home Office offence code data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Of those remanded in custody at Crown Court in 2019, 76% of male offenders were sentenced to immediate custody compared to 60% of females. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 1], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. Similarly, in just over half of all . , Domestic abuse is made up of partner or family non-physical abuse, threats, force, sexual assault or stalking. Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. 5. Intimate violence refers to a range of physical and non-physical abuse including domestic abuse, sexual assault and stalking. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. As at 30 June 2019, 13% of the sentenced male prison population were serving indeterminate sentences compared to 11% of the female population. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. A higher proportion of males were proceeded against for indictable offences (22%) compared to females (10%). Youth custody report for September 2016 published. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. Additionally, men are awarded less support on average than mothers who are awarded support. Figure 6.01: Prison population, by sex, June 2015 to June 2019. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN without a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 108] (13% for young females and 18% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 109] (10% for both young females and 14% for young males). [A pupil may be excluded for one or more fixed periods up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. Figure 7.12: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of fixed period exclusion, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.5). Youth custody report for September 2014 published. Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. Female homicide victims were most often between 25-34 years old (17%). , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. A similar trend was seen in male prosecutions over the last five years, where the number of males prosecuted for indictable offences was 25% lower in 2019 than in 2015. Youth custody report for April 2015 published. , Analysis of attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. Data has bee updated and published for May 2013. In 2019, 74% of those convicted for TV licence evasion were female. in the 14 years to March 2019, the number of young people in youth custody went down in every ethnic group. This was considerably higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 102] and 2014/15[footnote 103] (14% for both young females and young males). This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). Police have found a body in the search for the missing baby of aristocrat Constance Marten and her lover Mark Gordon - as officers 'extend heartfelt condolences to the wider family'.. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS: Senior Legal Manager, Chief Crown Prosecutor and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ: Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS: Senior Civil Servant; Police: Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary: High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. Youth custody report and data for January 2018 published. Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). Of all female defendants prosecuted at court, 55% were prosecuted for summary non-motoring offences compared to 29% of male defendants in the latest year. This report is a compendium of information from a range of data sources from across the CJS on the representation of females (and males) among victims, suspects, defendants and offenders. All organisations within the CJS have increased female representation among senior staff over the last 5 years. Figure 5.12: Proportion of offenders sentenced to immediate custody, by custodial sentence length and sex, 2019[footnote 58]. The proportion of young females who had been permanently excluded and sentenced to a fine was 9%, compared to 15% for young males, a 6 percentage point difference. For example, young males receiving more than 12 months in custody were more likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (69% v 64%), whereas the reverse was true for young males receiving 12 months or less in custody. A 5-year time series have been presented wherever possible, of whichever length is most appropriate in context. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 96] and 2014/15[footnote 97] (93% for young females and 90% for young males). , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. For each age range from 21 and over, males consistently had a larger number of prosecutions (approximately three times more). Child custody A campaign to change the law was led by Caroline Norton, whose own marriage to a violent husband had failed. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). Three-year time series refers to 2016/17 to 2018/19. For each offence, the proportion of those who were sentenced to immediate custody was lower for female offenders than for males. , Bespoke analysis can be found in the Chapter 3: Victims Tables published alongside this report. Violent crime was most prevalent in the 16-24 age group (Figure 3.02). Of all female prosecutions, 56% were brought forward by a prosecuting authority other than the police, compared to 23% for male defendants. Of all cautions issued in 2019, 55% were for indictable offences, a proportion which has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 49% in 2015. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. Amongst those receiving cautions, discharges and fines, a greater proportion of young female offenders attained 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, than the young male group. Figure 4.02: Proportion of arrests within each offence group, by sex, 2019/20, Detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983)[footnote 25]. In contrast, a higher proportion of male than female first time offenders were cautioned or convicted for drug offences over the last 5 years (13% and 5% respectively in 2019). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year among men aged 16-74 for 2019/20 (0.7%) compared to 2018/19. Some of the proportions presented in this analysis are based on small sample sizes so care should be taken when comparing results for different genders. Youth custody report and data for February 2018 published. In 2019/20, sexual assault towards females within the last year were over 4 times higher than towards males. , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. The average child support received by custodial parents as of 2017 was $3,431 per year. Consistently, White females and males had the shortest ACSL while Asian females and males had the longest ACSL for indictable offences in 2019 at 20.8 months and 28.4 months, respectively. In 2019, fines were the most common sentence given to both male and female offenders sentenced at all courts, but females typically had less severe sentencing outcomes. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. , The data used for this section are sourced from the magistrates court administrative database LIBRA-MIS. . The ACSL for male offenders in 2019 was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. In 2019, the median average days from the offence to the completion of the criminal case was 153 days for females and 162 for males. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, was slightly higher for the young female group, at 12%, compared to 10% for young males. A contributing factor is the greater availability of females when an enforcement officer visits the home[footnote 116]. 4% of crime higher legal aid clients had an unstated sex. This differs between functions within HMPPS, with the Prison Service (including Youth Custody Service) representing a lower proportion of females than the HMPPS as a whole, rising from 37% to 39%. To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure children's homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs)..