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From groundbreaking biologists and physicists to innovators in the fields of medicine, botany, and environmental studies, here are 10 game-changing Hispanic scientists you should know about. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? Ruiz pays contacts in the U.S. to buy and bring the necessary technology to Havana. Photo by Enrique De La Osa/Reuters. He tested its efficacy in children against diffuse pontine glioma (aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain tumors) across multiple sites in Canada and the U.S., and found that the drug wasnt effective. "Frank Asaro, Berkeley Lab Nuclear Chemist, Dies at 86." "Baruj Benacerraf -- Biographical." But back in 1881, when Finlay first presented his extensive research suggesting that mosquitoes transmitted the disease to Havanas Academy of Sciences, he became a laughingstock. Dec. 8, 1995. Photos by Ernesto Oroza & Penelope de Bozzi. Biographies of famous latin or hispanic inventors from the latin world: Narciso Monturiol, Ellen Ochoa, Baruj Benacerraf, Carlos Finlay, Bernardo Houssay, Luis Federico Leloir, Milstein, Severo Ochoa de Albornoz, Santiago Ram Cajal and Miguel Servet. When Csar Milstein produced the first monoclonal antibodies in 1975, he not only solved this problem, he became one of the fathers of modern medicine. Copyright 2021. Racotumomab targets a molecule that scientists believe is found on all cancer cells, which means the drug could one day be effective against blood cancers as well as the solid tumors that accompany diseases like lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer. Known for: The Lumire brothers gave us one of the most popular inventions of all timethe movies! Photo by Ernesto Oroza. Learn more: Thomas Jefferson: Inventions & Accomplishments. In 1947, he established the Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, where he began the lactose, or milk sugar, research that would lead to his great breakthrough [sources: Leloir; May]. "The Yellow Fever Vaccine: A History." A car is rewired for a digital display in Havana. Now, theyre opening Facebook accounts, listing their homes on Airbnb, and watching Netflix. C CID-201 CimaVax-EGF M Mojito N Nimotuzumab R Rum and Coke Born in Puerto Prncipe, Cuba, Finlay studied abroad before returning to Havana as a general practitioner and ophthalmologist with a penchant for scientific research. Since 2006, Cuba has had a drug for foot ulcers called Heberprot-P that prevents the need for amputations. Try this: Understand more about the anatomy of the eye by building a 3D human eye model. Brilliant, bold, and brave, his inventions revolutionised the industry and changed the face of commercial cars forever . Known for: When Hopper first starting working with computers, they took up entire rooms. Since then, researchers have applied his technique to other antibody hybrids and produced a versatile array of assays and diagnostics, including tools used in pregnancy tests, biomarkers, cancer treatments, highly specific vaccines, and blood and tissue typing [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; Chang; Telegraph UK]. Twenty years ago, Cuban leader Fidel Castro launched the Future Project, a plan to integrate the software industry into the countrys economy. In Cuba, theres hope that loosening restrictions will help it catch up with the 21st century. "Bernardo Alberto Houssay." He argued that evidence showed Indigenous peoples in the Americas formed their own cultures, independently of those in the Old World. (July 7, 2014) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/fever/peopleevents/p_finlay.html, PBS. March 26, 2002. She was formerly digital managing editor for the PBS NewsHour. (July 3, 2014) http://www.bbc.com/news/health-27389259, Benacerraf, Baruj. Deardoff)." Known for: One of the most famous inventors around, Bell gave the world the telephone. History and Culture. Photos by Ernesto Oroza. The work earned him the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry, an honor he shared with Rowland and Paul J. Crutzen, a pioneer in studying nitrogen oxide effects on ozone destruction [sources: Crutzen; Nobel Prize; Nobel Prize]. Try this: Make your own camera obscura with a box and basic household supplies. Compared to other countries, America has filed the most patents in the life sciences, is conducting most of the world's clinical trials and has published the most biomedical research. Instead of washing out of the sky through rainfall or oxidation, they floated into the upper stratosphere, where solar ultraviolet radiation broke them apart and set off an ozone-destroying chemical reaction. "The Leprosy Bacillus, Circa 1873." (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/, Nobel Prize. Monoclonal antibodies in the medicine attach to epidermal growth factor receptors on the surface of the cancer cell, thus preventing it from dividing and spreading the cancer. A small laptop mounted in a 1955 Ford Mercury. Born in Mexico City in 1896, Alfonso Caso y Andrade left a career as a legal scholar to pursue his passion: understanding the nature and evolution of Mexicos pre-Hispanic cultures [PDF]. Breakdancing has become increasingly popular and troupes like the B-Boy dancers, a subset of the Havana Queens dance company, learn moves from YouTube videos. Known for: Edison and Teslas rivalry is well-known. Armstrong also noted that besides amputation, the only treatment currently available to Americans with diabetic foot ulcers is a cream with a "black box warning," indicating that the treatment has serious or life-threatening side effects. The pair have attracted devoted fans that follow their shows across Havana. The Alvarezes postulated that a giant asteroid or comet hit Earth millions of years ago, causing mass extinctions. 1968. Havanas first independent electronic music studio was started by DJ Ra. George Washington Carver, though famous for his idea of peanut butter, did far more than that. The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. After the war, he worked on the first proton linear accelerator and was awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in physics for his work with elementary particles [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; PBS; Sullivan; Wohl]. Instead, he gave the world the concept of crop rotation. Two years ago, the groups of people crowding Havanas parks and sidewalks with cell phones pressed to their faces didnt exist. (July 4, 2014) http://www.dailycal.org/2014/06/17/frank-asaro-uc-berkeley-nuclear-chemist-dies-age-86/, Milstein, Csar. mon - fri 8.00 am - 4.00 pm #22 beetham gardens highway, port of spain, trinidad +1 868-625-9028 The White House is continuing to lift trade restrictions between the U.S. and Cuba. "Award Ceremony Speech: Luis Alvarez." He became an astronaut in 1981, served as in-orbit capsule communicator (CAPCOM) during the first Spacelab flight, and flew seven space shuttle missions. Researchers can test the drug for rare diseases in clinical trials, but it's not available to the general public. Heres why each season begins twice. Many Cubans can't get parts to fix the old American and Russian cars, but adding electronic entertainment is becoming popular. All rights reserved. Many of his other inventions were focused on helping the deaf, sparked by his desire to help his wife Mabel, who lost her hearing at the age of five. Magill, Frank. With his robotics training, Fernndez has created a Roomba from scratch using processors brought into the country by his friends. Benacerraf later recalled how the mixture of his heritage and upbringing created difficulties for him both in America and when he later temporarily moved to Paris [sources: Benacerraf; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Nobel Prize]. Vol. Thanks to Milsteins work, monoclonal antibodies are now used in everything from diagnostic tests to the treatments of several autoimmune diseases to alleviating COVID-19. Adalberto Alvarez. It's also trying to get clinical trials underway to replicate Cuban scientists findings, per U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations. Ernesto Lecuona, often regarded as the greatest Cuban composer Esteban Salas y Castro, 18th century Cuban baroque composer Gonzalo Roig, often regarded as one of the greatest composers of Cuba, "Quiere me mucho"/ Cecilia Valdez Ignacio Cervantes, Chopinesque piano composer Jos White Lafitte, violinist and composer 15 Famous Cuban-Americans Gloria Estefan Born in Havana, Estefan is arguably Cuba's most famous singer. Albert Einstein and Sir Isaac Newton are known as the greatest scientists of all time. (July 4, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/houssay-bio.html, Leloir, Luis. 1970. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. Jenny Marder is a senior science writer for NASA and a freelance journalist. Learn more: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Lemelson-MIT. And while they definitely belong on this list, theyre just the start of the innovators and inventors that kids ought to know. This bicycle has a soda bottle for a fuel tank. Scottron was a . Born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1948, Adalberto Alvarez was a famous Cuban pianist, musical director, and composer. While much of Maldacenas work is tough reading for non-physicists, he has also written several explanations of his work on quantum theory for general audiences, including a popular 2007 Scientific American article tantalizingly entitled The Illusion of Gravity.. Though you probably know her best by her stage name, Rita Hayworth. His methods were so successful they led to an abundance of peanuts, soybeans, and sweet potatoes, and he spent much of his life coming up with new uses for them. Subscribe to Here's the Deal, our politics newsletter. He used and improved on the technology of the time to make the first commercial steamboats. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/bizarre-brilliant-useful-inventions-cuban-diy-engineers, How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. Try this: Use an app like Roblox to design and create your own video game experience. LEFT: Cuban inventor Yolando Perez Baez demonstrates his engine-starting device which can work in the place of a starter motor-a component that frequently fails. The late 20th century was marked by the recognition that humans could significantly affect the environment, even Earth itself. She holds several patents for the technology to isolate various types of stem cells. Known for: At a time when most Black men in the United States were slaves, Jennings was born free in New York City. Photo by Edel Rodriguez.Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. Alvarez." She currently lives in Tampa, Florida where she often works on her back porch while taking frequent breaks for bird-watching and gardening. In a way, we are: The surfaces of our cells teem with a unique array of antigens that identify us and prevent our own immune systems, under normal circumstances, from attacking those cells. His inventions include the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin Stove. He was also a teacher, attorney, administrator, archaeologist and advocate for Mexico's American Indians. Photograph by Greg Kahn, National Geographic, Photographs by Greg Kahn, National Geographic. Cuba's once-grand colonial architecture is crumblingthe impact of decades of sanctions on its economy. (July 4, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1968/press.html, Nobel Prize. Now, wifi and warming relations with the U.S. are paving the way for a digital revolution. However, he is most well-known for two significant contributions to modern technologythe reCAPTCHA system and Duolingo. Their flight marked the first engine-powered manned aircraft. Here are a few basic designs to get you started. Born in Buenos Aires in 1968, physicist Juan M. Maldacena studies the relationship between quantum gravity and quantum field theories. Unfortunately, all of this creativity is motivated by profound poverty and desperation. His best-known invention, the Ochoaplane was a small flying machine with collapsible wings. Learn more: Ann Tsukamoto, Necessity is the Mother of Invention. Underground DJs like Joan Coffigny and the female duo Pauza spin at clubs like the Fabrica de Arte Cubano and house parties. In 1985, the British Antarctica survey detected a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica, and the rest is history [sources: Nobel Prize; Nobel Prize]. She was nominated for the position by President Barack Obama. Nimotuzumab has had orphan drug status in the U.S. for the treatment of glioma since 2004 and for pancreatic cancer since 2015.