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Emilia, already dissolutioned with her husband, prefers not to ask too many questions, daring to discover things as they really are. "Shakespeare shows us an ideal, noble way of living but also the hellish opposite." Jacob de Villiers. Loomba on why Othello is so succeptable to Iago. Othello Critic Quotes. As always, Iago speaks with a concealed sense of irony. ),inChicago,Illinois.. Word Count: 1066. SparkNotes PLUS for a group? The wind-shakedsurge, with high and monstrous mane, Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Othello not defending race, religion and culture, *"Othello never defends his blackness; nor does he defend the religion or culture that lies behind him"*, *Iago transfers his darkness and pain onto Othello*, *Othello doesn't come to think of his blackness as a 'stain' until he is contaminated by Iago's poisonous words*, Frank Kermode Contact us On theenchafdflood. She is a prize, a spoil of war". They dare not show their husbands. At first 3.3 the ecstasy of romantic love; then the relationship comes under pressure and we realise Othello and Desdemona scarcely know each other. m. cox. for a group? What Iago manages to reduce, *"Othello's language as well as his honour"*, Caryl Phillips Had she not been afraid of Iago, the truth might have come out and Iago's plot would have collapsed. Iago excellent in short term tactics, not in long term strategy. Andy Serkis, who played Iago in 2002, said: He is not the devil. No one in Othello comes to understand himself or anyone else. \end{array} Here, Othello prepares to kill Desdemona. Powered by WordPress. For I'll refer me to all things of sense, If she in chains of magic were not bound, Whether a maid, so tender, fair, and happy, So opposite to marriage that she shunned The general fund had an increase of$30,000 in its fund balance. The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. In Venice they do let God see the pranks The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. In night, and on the court and guard of safety? Why does Othello care about Desdemonas handkerchief. Desdemona is a prize to Othello, Othello's love of Desdemona is *"the love of possession. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? They are not ever jealous for the cause. Now that Iago has awakened jealousy and suspicion in him, he cannot think about anything else. Designed by GonThemes. It was not that no one any longer associated women with evil, but that the ideology was at issue and not an unquestioned presupposition or a given of the culture. Othello Test Quotes: Speaker, Listener, Context, jealousy is exhausting its a hungry emotion and must be satisfied, desdemona is killed by all those who see her humiliated + beaten in public & fail to intervene. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! ", "Handkerchief - "It is an emblem of Desdemona's body", "Possession of a woman's handkerchief was considered adultery", "Othello is one way or another a play about marriage. Please wait while we process your payment. Iago, the monstrous instigatorof both quarrels, expertly exploits Othellos fears and suspicions, abusing his trust and spurning his duty to Othello. Othello speaks this quote to Iago after Iago has explained to him about Cassio's involvement in a drunken brawl. Add to folder As a result, Othello actually has to beg Iago to reveal the very suspicions that Iago is eager to pass along. "Iago is the presence of misogynist discourse in the Renaissance. ), in Chicago, Illinois.}} He knows that telling Othello to stop thinking about Desdemona will only make him think about the matter even more anxiously. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Michael Cassio. The quote also shows that once Othello has begun to think about the possibility of his wife being unfaithful, he is unable to leave the idea alone. You'll also receive an email with the link. We might think of a night at the theatre as a deeply uplifting experience because of drama's ability to communicate . In these lines, an outrangedBrabanzioorders an officer to drag Othello before the Duke to answer for the alleged crime of bewitching and marryinghisdaughter, Desdemona. Desdemona's love for Othello is of course wildly romantic - he personifies for her all the romance she has discovered to exist in her life. OTHELLO: | Identify the infinitive or infinitive phrase in each sentence. LangstonwastreatedbyDr.ElenaChavez(or,ElenaChavez,M.D. Othello only features three female characters. But of course, Othello and Iago differ more than they mirror one another. According to Iago, wives in Venicedonthesitate to commit adultery; they simply try to avoid getting caughtby their husbands. "Iago has no respect for fellow human beings." Jacob de Villiers. You can view our. Discount, Discount Code A master manipulator, Iago plants a seed of suspicion, but then seemingly hesitates to make any distinct accusations. "Othello is a man of action, not a thinker. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 She is a prize, a spoil of war. [Iago's] only balm is to spread sickness, to watch other suffer when he cannot admit he suffers guilt. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. The enterprise fund had an increase of$60,000 in its net position balance. Bradley was undoubtedly correct in his belief that Shakespeare intended to think of him as a Negro. Dostthou say so? Please sign in to share these flashcards. . As Bradley pointed out, Iago is not arbitrarily introduced into the play to represent inexplicable evil or Evil. In these lines,Iagoplants the seeds of suspicion in Othellos mind byplayingupVenices reputation as a promiscuous city. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Then, he goes on and attacks Othello's blackness. (Othello, Act 1 Scene 3) My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty. The waves are so high, he says, that theybatterthe clouds and quench the the burning bear (the constellationUrsaMinor) and th ever fixed pole (the North Star). Othello speaks this quote to Iago after Iago has explained to him about Cassios involvement in a drunken brawl. The character of Iago is conducted that he is, from the first scene to the last, hatred and despised. Then, use the infinitive or infinitive phrase in an original sentence. Introducing Cram Folders! If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. "See Desdemona as a hideous embodiment of the downtrodden woman". A young, charming, and handsome soldier, whom Othello promotes to the rank of lieutenant, over the more experienced Iago. Being an 'other' means being outside the norm, and being excluded from society as a result. Kenneth Tyan. Marxist critic Dympna Callaghan considers the cultural significance of Desdemonas weeding sheets and handkerchief, commenting on their economic and symbolic value in the Renaissance: The handkerchief acts as a miniature of the nuptial linens, it is only Othellos jealousy, not Iagos hatred, that is the real tragedy, As a soldier, Iago was rewarded for displays of cunning behaviour; in peacetime though there was not the same outlet for these aspects of his characterIago has all of the psychological traits of a psychopath. It is not sufficient to simply drape Iago in allegorical trappings and proclaim him Mister Evil. You are the lord of duty, I am hitherto your daughter. The quote shows the terrible bind Desdemona is trapped in: her attempts to speak the truth and tell her husband she is chaste only make him more angry at her because he believes she is lying. [Othello] is a mass of contradictions - in other words, a human being. That is why the play is called Othello. Just about every character misunderstands desdem, the 2 main events of the play are murder & marriage, iago is more a catalyst that precipitates destruction than a devil that causes it, iago is excellent in short term tactics not long term strategy, Christianity can be worn as a mask consciously by iago & unconsciously by Othello, handkerchief is used to represent marriage & justice, strawberries have a symbolic connection with the concept of virginity, the handkerchief represents mans ancient consciousness, the perfection of women is to be characterless everyone wishes a desdemona for a wife, iago is a liar, betrayer, & mental torturer, othellos emotional range is huge, iagos is limited, iago teaches/persuades audience to adopt his point of view, the basic & ancient sense that black is the colour of sin & death, what Othello seems to be doing in his final speech is cheering himself up, Emilia is the mouthpiece of repressed feminity, Othello is too stupid to be regarded as a tragic hero, Othello loves emotion for emotions sake, luxuriates in it, the great moral lesson of othello is that black & white blood cannot be intermingled in marriage without a gross outrage upon the law of nature, Othello- most romantic figure amongst Shakespeares heroes greatest poet of them all, (FEMINIST)(shakespeare) didnt divide human nature into masculine & feminine, (NOT RACIST) Shakespeare knew people of colour. Students also viewed purely noble, strong, generous & tragic hero merely a victim. . "Othello is a man of action, not a thinker. Part of our interest in drama is always an unacknowledged wish to witness 'disaster' whilst being free of responsibility for causing or failing to avert it. Designed by GonThemes. on 50-99 accounts. (2.1.1117). "*, *"her identity disappear[s] as Othello's jealousy becomes more defined. Slavini and Olivier, who emphasised Othello's animal noises and panther pacing based their 'racist' interpretations on the firm evidence from the text. Brabanziosraging prejudice against Othello speaks volumes about the plays setting in sixteenth-century Venice, which was a major center of European trade and a very multicultural city. We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. An inviting eye---and yet methinks right modest. Dont have an account? ),inChicago,Illinois.\underline{\color{#c34632}\text{Langston was treated by Dr. Elena Chavez (or, Elena Chavez, M.D. She is a prize, a spoil of war"*, Bonnie Greer By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Home Depot sells compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) that have a mean life of 10,00010,00010,000 hours with a standard deviation of 1,0001,0001,000 hours. Had he been less in love with his wife, he would not have become as jealous. Purchasing Romanticism critic Samuel Coleridge argued that:He described Iago as being: Othello didnt kill Desdemona in jealousy but that it was forced upon him by the almost superhuman art of Iago Next to the devil who looks for excuses to be evil, motivelessly. . Ironically, Othello assumes that Iago is being tactful and trying not to blame Cassio for what happened, whereas Iago has actually engineered the entire situation in order to get Cassio in trouble. ", Chapter 13 - The legal and professional frame, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. Loomba on Othello as a play. Be sure to also check out Act One, Scene Two, where Brabantio shouts at Othello, "O thou foul thief, where hast thou stow'd my daughter (1.2.62). Othello critic quotes - critical perspectives Othello critical perspectives School Best notes for high school - GB Degree Sixth Form (A Levels) Grade A2 Module English Literature Academic year2020/2021 Helpful? In this quote,Montano, the governorof Cyprus,likens the storm to an assault by the sea upon the sky. Bond-slaves and pagans shall our statesmen be. Many have been given through the ages: sexual jealousy, racism and so on. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. \begin{array}{lccc} Literary Critics on Othello. ", "Iago has all the psychological traits of a psychopath. Critical Evaluation. Last Updated on May 5, 2015, by eNotes Editorial. Quotes collected from writers and critics about Shakespeare's play, Othello. Wed love to have you back! March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Othello: Homosocial Desire and its Conversion to Homosexual Desire SparkNotes PLUS to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. At this point, all he can do is try to explain how he would like his story to be told. 20% Overconfidence in the first half of the play reflects an essential innocence, which remains with her to the end. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. He's you or me being jealous and not being able to control our feelings", "He's you or me being jealous and being able to control our feelings. Want 100 or more? Othello is so inflammable, why can Iago so easily ignite and fan such an uncontrolable blaze of feeling? (III.iii.266) Some critics believe this to be a reference to the 23rd Psalm: "Yea though I walk through . If the accountant had used the allowed alternative, what would the city report as the change in fund balance for the general fund for the year? \textbf{Filing Status} &&&& \textbf{Income} & \textbf{Tax Withheld} & \textbf{Tax Due}\\ death was preferred to dishonor. As Iago's poison enters [Othello's] mind, he seeks to change more completely than other tragic heroes: we must not confuse his earlier and later self. The quote shows that Othello does love his wife and does not want to think ill of her. Introducing Cram Folders! Here, Othello asserts his faith in Desdemona and his refusal to be suspicious of her without due cause. The quote suggests that Emilia has only gradually learned who Iago truly is, and that she is trying to encourage her friend to be more cautious and less nave. Othello - Critic Quotes. William Shakespeare and Othello Background. It has an expected life of 30 years, is worth $15,000, and is displayed by the city at one of the local parks. Sometimes it can end up there. Othello can think of nothing but his jealousy and Desdemona's supposed adultery. Although Othello, a Moor, is a general in the Venetian armyand highly trusted by the Duke,Brabanziosuggests that it is criminal for a person of Othellosdarkcomplexion to marry intotheVenetian nobility. When Iago reminds Othello that Desdemona 'did deceive her father, marrying you' (3.3.206) as proof of her capacity to hoodwink her husband too, he's merely echoing the parting words with which Brabantio sought to sow the same seeds of suspicion in Othello's mind in Act 1: 'Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see; / She has deceived her Please select the correct language below. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Their best conscience The fight leads to the stabbing of Montano, who tries to intervene, and the dismissal of Cassio from his position as lieutenant. Compute the amount to be refunded or the balance due in each case. Othello Othello - Critic Quotes Othello "He is full of the most vehement passion" - A.C. Bradley Othello "Othello's colour and gender make him occupy contradictory positions in relation to power" - Ania Loomba, author of postcolonial works Desdemona "accepts her culture's dictum that she Read more September 30, 2019 Othello Critics Othello You'll be billed after your free trial ends. For do but stand upon the foaming shore, FilingStatusSingleTaxableIncome$24,708AmountofTaxWithheld$3,100AmountofTaxDue$3,709. In his first speech he subconsciously acknowledges the social pressure he is under" "Othello feels constantly threatened and profoundly insecure". she flouts the established social hierarchies of 'clime, complexion and degree'. Sometimes it can end up there. Finally convinced that Desdemona has betrayed him, Othello vows revenge against her and Cassio. Free trial is available to new customers only. ", "Othello is a test of racial and sexual persecution. She is a prize, a spoil of war, Feels constantly threatened and profoundly insecure, He was neither right nor reasonable and Desdemona ended up dead, Nearly every scene in the play refers to or depends on characters seeing and knowing, She falls in love for no better reason than that he has told her a braggart story, Iago is motivated by strong latent homosexuality, Evidence for Iago's hatred for love are everywhere, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, 67- Acute Respiratory Failure and Acute Respi. He is extremely self-reliant and decides and acts instantaneously. The third female. he is no genius but rather a vulgar, small-minded man- clever and crafty maybe but not the evil genius of Romantic Critics. ", "He is a soldier and is therefore accustomed to hardship and cruelty. Lisa Jardine (Still Harping on Daughters, 1983) suggests a feminist reading old Desdemona: Desdemona becomes a stereotype of female passivity. nearly every scene in the play refers to/depends on characters seeing & knowing, (iagos language) at its core it is filth. Critic: Carol Thomas Neely They see Othello and Iago as closely identified with each other; they are "two parts of a single motive--related not as the halves of a sphere, but each implicit in the other."' Structure, too, imitates that of the pastoral comedies in its movement from an urban center to an isolated retreat, with resultant intensity, freedom, breakdown, and . Ace your assignments with our guide to Othello! (3.3.206210). Furthermore, Iago's suggestion that Othello leave the matter "to time" has a deeply sinister ring to it. According to the information provided, the general fund reported a$30,000 increase in its fund balance. In Othello and the radical question,1998, Ania Loomba writes: England was increasingly hostile to foreigners, both officially and at popular level.. Othello speaks these lines while explaining how Desdemona came to fall in love with him. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Mines not an idle cause. If you play once, what is the chance that you will get: "it is only "Othello's jealousy, not Iago's hatred, that is the real tragedy", "He is not the devil. TaxableAmountofAmountofFilingStatusIncomeTaxWithheldTaxDueSingle$24,708$3,100$3,709\begin{aligned} The Duke himself, Or any of my brothers of the state, (Desdemona, Act 1 Scene 3) Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners. Powered by WordPress. Because Othello neither claims nor has any distinct personal identity apart from his professional one, it is naturally the image of himself as a soldier that he offers up to Desdemona's approbation and love. For if such actions may have passage free, There are only three female characters in Othello, and each plays a critical role in Shakespeare's artfully crafted plot of jealousy and retribution.While the beautiful and . Why does Othello care about Desdemonas handkerchief. (1.2.97101). On the first day of Year 4, the city receives a painting as a gift that qualifies as a work of art. [Iago] is too distinctive a dramatic figure, too forcefully real to be reducible to a mere theatrical device - the conventional villain. He walked thru their neighbourhood everyday, desdemona inspires our pity, not because shes pitful but bc she stands up to her father, so close are iago & Othello, that they start to melt together, Iagos success lies in Othellos readiness to respond/ takes Shame & doubt that already exists, placing her loyalty to her husband above her affection for desdem, desdemona suffers the traditional fate of the desiring women although othellos race makes the audience have some sympathy, handkerchief represents marriage & justice, desdemona : too knowing, too independent (stands up to dad, punished by hierarchy), argues desdemona accepts her cultures dictum that she must be obedient to males, handkerchief= a miniature of the nuptial linens. Designed by GonThemes. In blackening Desdemona, for Othello and in driving him to black vengeance. Below you will find the important quotes in Othello related to the theme of Womanhood and Sexuality. 'Tis monstrous. "*, Liz Lewis The City of Wolfe issues its financial statements for Year 4 (assume that the city uses a calendar year). He believes that her soul is damned because of her adultery and the more she protests her innocence, the more enraged he becomes. Othello Criticism. What should have been the overall change in net position for Year 4 on government- wide financial statements, assuming that officials still preferred the allowed alternative? Othello is a tragedy that proceeds from misunderstandings and miscommunication. If the accountant had used the allowed alternative, what would the city report as the correct net expense for parks for the year? Act 1, scene 2 Quotes "Damned as thou art, thou hast enchanted her! The chidden billow seems to pelt the clouds, a. Emilia is a symbol of defiance. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association. [Othello] is trying to avoid a real confrontation with [Desdemona]. audio not yet available for this language, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Othello Critic quotes","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/othello-critic-quotes-7123402","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. According to the psychology of humours, jealousy and envy were closely related to being a species of envy, which in turn is a species of hatred. Discount, Discount Code You'll also receive an email with the link. Powered by WordPress. Subscribe now. Othello was neither right nor reasonable & desdemona ended up dead. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Act II opens on theshoresof the island of Cyprusin the midst ofa fierce storm that has shipwrecked most of the Turkish fleet and ended the threat ofa Turkishinvasion. (3.4.) In his first speech he subconsciously acknowledges the social pressure he is under Othello feels constantly threatened and profoundly insecure. . Each has 10 equally likely symbols: 4 bars, 3 lemons, 2 cherries, and a bell. by sorallellow1999, 2016. Why might he have chosen to express this idea at a Princeton graduation ceremony? About Iago's love, Iago is driven by a *"love of exerting power"*, G. Wilson Knight You'll be billed after your free trial ends. she is a prize, a spoil of war. (one code per order). Critics such as A.C Bradley maintain that: Othello is a sympathetic and noble character whose downfall is created by a being of pure evil. What the real tragedy in Othello is, It is only *"Othello's jealousy, not Iago's hatred, that is the real tragedy"*, *"Othello is the most easily jealous man that anybody's ever written about"*, 3.7 Troublesome Ireland: Tyrone's Rebellion 1, Sociology A-Level (AQA) Work, Poverty And Wel. Although Othello has frequently been praised as William Shakespeare's most unified tragedy, many critics . Otherwise and Iago are in some ways opposites or comopimentaries, yet Elizabethans would have thought them curiously alike. Evan Wendel. ),inChicago,Illinois. Significant quotes in William Shakespeare's Othello with explanations. Give me to know Both stand apart from their fellow men, both want to be accepted. Desdemona is an other because of her rebellious nature. Desdemona, virtuous and beautiful, is the object of the hero's passion. fantasy of interracial love and social tolerance. How does Cassio fall from Othellos grace and get fired? For each vocabulary word, select the best synonym from the column on the right. the difficulty of "seeing is believing" is that it puts you at the mercy of anyone who's hand is quicker than your eye. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! A habit of self-approving, self-dramatisation the disguise of an obtuse and brutal egotism. A series of critical quotes about 'Othello' Terms in this set (49) Othello is too stupid to be regarded as a tragic hero Levis Elizabethans wondered if the blackness of the skin revealed a person's character Olusoga Through its ongoing encounters with changing racial and sexual politics, has always been able to transform itself. That is what "Moor" meant to Englishmen in the Middle Ages. Such a limited view of Iago is an injustice to the complexity of his character, Iago is thepresence of misogynist discourse in the Renaissance It suggests the instability of the view of women. Want 100 or more? creating and saving your own notes as you read. Dont have an account? The quote also reveals that Othello is a charismatic and impressively articulate individual, who can charm someone with the power of his words. In 5.2 the man who has sought light, Othello, is reaching the climax of his failure; he is under the illusion that he has the light and therefore he cannot see what he is really doing. Gullibility, superstition, muderousness, a (primitive?) Bless the isle of Cyprus and our noble general Othello! IAGO: Hes you or me being jealous and not being able to control our feelings, a Shakespearean tragedy is characterized by the tragic flaw,, Rymer argues in A Short View of Tragedy, The plays setting and change in location was unnecessaryThere was no instructive moral or poetic justice because Othello isnt punished, so the ending is barbarous. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. a.c. Bradley. Iagos pain and distrust is caused by his repressed homosexual desire for Othello that is completely unrequitedIndeed in 1938 at Londons Old Vic, Laurence Olivier played Iago as gay, as did David Suchet and Sir Ian McKellen. Thereafter, she may seem passive; it would be kinder to describe her as bewildered, out of her depth, not as defeated. Nowhere has he so nakedly expressed his need to love Desdemona, the sense that she has become the central rivet that serves his life, without which would not fall apart. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Just about every character misunderstands [Desdemona]. ", " Othello is the most easily jealous man that anybody's ever written about", "a blackness suddenly intervenes between his eyes and the world", "The crucial fact of her marriage is not that she elopes but that she, a white woman, weds a black man. \end{aligned} How does Iago use Bianca to trick Othello? The keynote speaker for the conference will give her address at 9:009:009:00 AM on Oct. 28,200128, 200128,2001. "Othello is a noble hero whose tragic fault is his insecurity." Jacob de Villiers. (2.2). both are outsiders Othello as a moor, iago as a malcontent with a grudge against privilege. Underline the pronoun or pronouns in parentheses that correctly complete each sentence. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. ", "Othello's love of Desdemona is the love of possession. Emilia is often simplified and misrepresented in the theatre. Is not to leave t undone, but keept unknown. [Desdemona's] strength, we should remember, partly depends on Othello's Love: only when he rejects her handkerchief is her self-confidence checked. 'Othello' Critical Quotes Term 1 / 25 Marilyn French Feminism 1982 Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 25 Desdemona "accepts her culture's dictum that she must be obedient to males" and is "self-denying in the extreme" when she dies Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by ErW21 Terms in this set (25) Marilyn French Othello's view of women caused Iago's manipulation, *"Greene points out that Iago's manipulation of Othello - the cause of the tragedy - occurs only because of 'the views of women the Moor already possessed'. The government-wide financial statements indicate the following Year 4 totals. fantasy of interracial love and social tolerance, she flouts the established social hierarchies of clime, complexion and degree, Loomba on why Othello is so succeptable to Iago, Othello is a victim of racial beliefs precisely because he becomes an agent of misogynistic ones, Phillips on why Othello fell down from Nobility, The pressures placed upon him rendered his life a tragedy, Philips on Othello struggling to understand society, Life for him is like a game he does not know the rules, tragically pathetic + no tragic self-discovery, Ohello dies belonging to the world of action in which his true part lay, The cathartic effect of falling from nobility according to Bradley, The suffering and calamity is contrasted with previous happiness and glory, Loomba on the portrayal of blacks in Elizabethan media, black-skinned people were usually typed as godless, bestial and hideous, Emilias love for Desdemona is Iagos undoing, the number of these venetian courtesans, it was very great many are so loose as to open their quiver to every arrow, Loomba on the suspicious portrayal of women, Othello is predisposed to believing pronouncements about the inherent duplicity of women, Loomba on Venices attitude towards free women, Female opennes was considered dangerous and immoral, The Effect of Soliloquys according to Honigmann, we are close to sympathising with a villain due to dramatic perspective, The amoral nature of Iago according to Honigmann, he has neither felt nor understood the spiritual impulses that bind ordinary human beings together, The intellegence of Iago according to Goddard, Shakespeare has bestowed the highest of intellectual gifts on Iago, The intellegence of Iago according to Honigmann, Iago excels in short-term tactics, not long-term strategy, The chief humourist of the play + a practical joker of a particularly appaling kind, Why we respect Iago according to Honigmann, we respect the amibition, the aspiring spirit, the intellectual activity that causes him to overleap those moral fences, Bradley on how the Machiavellian Villian is viewed, histrionic intent and self-dramatization, Kastan on the mindset of the Tragic hero after a fall, struggles to create a coherent worldview from the ruins of the old, The power of Iagos humour according to Honigmann, arouses a little fellow feeling in the audience + his victims lack humour, Iago appeals to us as more amusing.