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d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. Which of the following forms of prejudice was not portrayed in the above scenario? Outgroup homogeneity occurs in part because we dont have as much contact with outgroup members as we do with ingroup members, and the quality of interaction with outgroup members is often more superficial. a. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South after the Civil War False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. b. Puerto Ricans b. d. African Americans, Which of the following Hispanic groups is the largest? a. ageism On philosophical idling: the ordinary language philosophy critique of Eastern Europe. A. social inequality a. only prejudiced people will discriminate. 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. 1 "I did a good job because I'm smart." (Ed.). Identify what went wrong and what needs to happen to correct the situation. In one study assessing stereotypes, Stephanie Madon and her colleagues (Madon et al., 2001) presented U.S. college students with a list of 84 trait terms and asked them to indicate for which groups each trait seemed appropriate (Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students). Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995) tested the hypothesis that these differences might be due to the activation of negative stereotypes. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(3), 335354. a. Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? a. During the presentation, each member of the discussion group made a suggestion about how to advertise a college play. B. automatic In media guides, both female and male athletes are more likely to be shown in passive, nonathletic c. Latin Americans A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. b. c. economic factors In several forms of media men are more likely than women to be depicted in work-related Some popular music lyrics contain explicit sexual references which often are degrading to (C) Policy dividends are an intentional return of a portion of the premiums paid. d. honesty is one trait more strongly associated with working-class than middle-class women. Sarah feels quite the contraryarguing that women have been the targets of sexism for many, many years and even now do not have the same access to high-paying jobs that men do. b. Latinas British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. Social Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet b. Black drivers are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during a vehicle stop (even after controlling for variables such as the reason the car was stopped), but they are found in possession of contraband 26 percent less often than white drivers. She negatively evaluates a Hispanic applicant because she has "no cultural flavor" in her application. The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. c. modern sexism and hostile sexism. Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports c. the biological inferiority of blacks b. a. D. slow. c. Irish Americans Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. On which (if any) social categories do you categorize others? Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). Just as White people used fewer piles of traits to describe Blacks than Whites, young people used fewer piles of traits to describe elderly people than they did young people, and students used fewer piles for members of other universities than they did for members of their own university. c. victim. This is an example of Guia de Estudio - Study Guide: Term 1 Test, Avancemos 2 Unidad 2 Leccin 2 (Vocabulario), John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences, Global Procurement and Strategic Sourcing (2), Measurements (e.g., weight, height, blood pressure). d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding the portrayal of women of color on television is/are a. Mexicans 3 People who do it tend to be young and nave. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? Related Documents. Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II? In K. R. Wenzel & A. Wigfield (Eds. The Integrity survey includes statements . Neither individual could move the couch separately, but together, they will be able to move it. What were the "black codes"? Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). Southern and Eastern Europe. In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . d. depiction of female communion and male agency, Currently, nearly equal numbers of females and males appear as central characters in: which of the following statements concerning social categorization is a. German Americans b. Saturday morning cartoons. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 331343. d. A researcher distributes paper questionnaires to new immigrant children in high school. and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. What does she write concerning Alex? Immigrants in this example can be considered a Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. Which of the following statements are accurate? - Brainly.com a. Donald Trump is the least racist president ever. One common measure involves asking participants to take a seat on a chair near a person from a different racial or ethnic group and measuring how far away the person sits (Sechrist & Stangor, 2001; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. In one of the experimental conditions, participants simply saw six lines, whereas in the other condition, the lines were systematically categorized into two groupsone comprising the three shorter lines and one comprising the three longer lines. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. b. backlash effect And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups. After the war, Japanese families joined many Chinese immigrants in segregated Chinatowns. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 456467. The cognitive monster: The case against the controllability of automatic stereotype effects. A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. abilities There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. Chen, M., & Bargh, J. John is expressing his opinions, and Sarah is expressing hers. Measuring Domain-Specific Knowledge: From Bach to Fibonacci b. Categorization is frequently based on easily identifiable attributes. DOES A LEADER'S SELF-ASSESSED INTEGRITY MATTER? - ScienceDirect Which of the following minority groups is the largest? Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). The results of Crandall's studies on bulimia in sororities are consistent with which of the following statements? 4 His remark is considered a collectivistic remark. Our friends also tend to hold beliefs similar to ours, and we talk about these beliefs when we get together with them (Schaller & Conway, 1999). social impairment Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 349364. It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. Account. This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. None of these choices. a. 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Which of the following is not an example of masculine generic language? Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. He has shared this information with his c. multiculturalism. television. b. Europeans. b. more agentic than traditionally titled women. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. Following are some situations in which the boundary between the worker and the client has become blurred. a. genocide. We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. b. parents perceive newborn daughters as more delicate and weaker than newborn sons. c. A federal judge concluded that gender-based stereotyping had played a role in Price More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from a. spotlighting. On the affective side, stereotype threat creates stress as well as a variety of affective responses including anxiety (Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008). A. The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Turkish government. When a minority member experiences a microaggression, they Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. c. Few whites benefit from white privilege. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). c. spotlighting c. William Julius Wilson Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. c. William Julius Wilson On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. c. Asian women 1 affective The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. San Diego, CA: Elsevier. Waterhouse's refusal to promote her to partner. 1.) a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. a. Latina women How can cognitive dissonance help to reduce unconsciously prejudiced or discriminatory behavior? a. Anxiety and depressive disorders are related through comorbidity and shared risk factors. d. displacement. c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. When the responses are arranged on the screen in a matching way, such that the male category and the strong category are on the same side of the screen (e.g., on the right side), participants can do the task very quickly and they make few mistakes. Both PERT and CPM require that network tasks have unchanging durations. c. social role theory. Based on research presented in the activities. doi: 10.1177/0146167201278007. Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). Even today, there is good agreement about the stereotypes of members of many social groups, including men and women and a variety of ethnic groups. It is the largest part of the diencephalon and serves as a relay station to all the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathways). Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & Ruderman, A. J. a. imply women are weak. (1999). The Stanford prison experiment led researchers to conclude which of the following? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is b. diminutive suffixes for female terms. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. b. All states have workers' compensation laws. This shows that (A) Policy dividends represent earnings to shareowners who hold stock in insurance companies. d. benevolent sexism, Both hostile and benevolent sexism: answer:-opruon 1 The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirem . 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. d. none of the above. Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). a. modern sexism. Give one example of a superordinate goal. B. b. Americans b) Secondary research is done after primary research. New York, NY: Psychology Press. c. Japanese Americans c. Cuba c. hostile sexism. Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. d. a and c. Which is true of media portrayals of gays and lesbians? Flashcards - test 20 - FreezingBlue Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. d. ethnicity. b. Solved 5. All of the following statements concerning the - Chegg Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits? a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s d. social role theory. Stone, J. These beliefs just seem right and natural, even though they are frequently distorted overgeneralizations (Hirschfeld, 1996; Yzerbyt, Schadron, Leyens, & Rocher, 1994). Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. Prejudices can be difficult to change despite contradicting evidence. Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from Solved Which of the following statements is true about - Chegg In other cases, stereotypes are maintained because information that confirms our stereotypes is better remembered than information that disconfirms them. This finding is most consistent with: highly achievement-oriented, independent and ambitious. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. 17. d. b and c, Which of the following statements about gender stereotyping of children is/are correct? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? a. aggregation. c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult. The stereotypes are pictures in our heads of the social groups (Lippman, 1922). The belief that male behaviors, roles, and experiences are the standards for society is known as Tajfel, H. (1970). a. Dred Scott v. Sandford Groups acting to fulfill selfish interests instead of cooperating with other groups often leads to depleted resources rather than benefits. b. discrimination is unavoidable, but prejudicial attitudes are not. Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared. It is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the internal capsule. If police officers were actually not that knowledgeable about the city layout, then using this categorization would not be informative. Reggie goes to a private academy and plays on the varsity basketball team. c. Segregation b. Research has found that the experience of stereotype threat can help explain a wide variety of performance decrements among those who are targeted by negative stereotypes. This multiplicity of causes is unfortunate because it makes stereotypes and prejudices even more likely to form and harder to change. In 1735, Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus published a modern classification scheme of human populations. c. Racist attitudes are found in all human societies because humans are designed to notice and dislike people who are different. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. Course Title THEO 104 - Introduction to Christian Thought. Political Premier League . A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. b. assimilation. Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that a. Mrs. Jane Sullivan He continues to hold this belief even though he learned in school that native-born Americans are more likely to commit crime than immigrants. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10(2), 109120. c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. Psych. of Wmn. Chapter 2 Flashcards | Quizlet b. physical attractiveness Other activities can be carried out by either physicians or paramedics. Parental and peer influences on childrens racial attitudes. Alex says, "That man is incredibly rude." Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup b. d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements a. stereotyping. c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. As a result of successive potato famines that produced widespread starvation, 1.5 million people migrated to the United States from ______ in the nineteenth century and settled mostly in ______ areas. I. Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. What does GDP measure, and why is it important? c. 41 percent d. by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities. b. stereotyping. Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. Want to create or adapt books like this? Our stereotypes influence not only our judgments of others but also our beliefs about ourselves, and even our own performance on important tasks. A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. 4 Social categorization is a relatively new phenomenon. c. women with disabilities Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. b. assimilation. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? Contemporary research uses self-report methods when there is a question over people's ability to rate their attitudes accurately. Our stereotypes and prejudices are learned through many different processes. Order. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.014. Sociology Ch. 5: Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure Think of a task that one of the social groups to which you belong is considered to be particularly good (or poor) at. Imagine for a moment that two college students, John and Sarah, are talking at a table in the student union at your college or university. If we believe that women are bad drivers and we see a woman driving poorly, then we tend to remember it, but when we see a woman who drives particularly well, we tend to forget it. d. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general as well as the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. Conduct test at the 5% Ethan is a white man who has Scottish ancestry and wore a kilt to his wedding. c. Cubans a. more favorably than older men stereotyping? Rules Sara Baker, Ori Friedman, Alan M. Leslie (sbaker@ruccs.rutgers.edu) Cognitive development in the preschool years is characterized by diminishing impulsivity in thought and action. 26 percent; 6 percent On the 72nd hole of the U.S. Open golf tournament, Phil Mickelson misses a one-foot putt that would have won the championship. a. create massive numbers of jobs. But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. a. d. all of the above. b. Joe Feagin a) Data classification and application categorization is the same. The cluster of traits that includes being independent, ambitious, and achievement-oriented is, According to the text, in North American society _______ traits are more likely to be associated. Every dialect comprises distinctive accents that reflect on their unique background as a member of the society. (2002). The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? c. poverty Bus311.docx - Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following C. categorization 4 "She did a good job because she's talented. In support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronsons research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) when the test was described to them as being diagnostic of their mathematical ability (and thus when the stereotype was relevant) but that their performance was not influenced when the same questions were framed as an exercise in problem solving. And in another study, Steele and Aronson found that when Black students were asked to indicate their race before they took a math test (again activating the stereotype), they performed more poorly than they had on prior exams, whereas the scores of White students were not affected by first indicating their race. Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students. Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. The research participants were not very good at this task, and yet when they made mistakes, these errors were very systematic. All Hispanics are white. Do you hold implicit prejudices? b. Ms. Jane Sullivan Once the participants are convinced that the researcher is able to assess their true attitudes, it is expected that they will be more honest in answering the rest of the questions they are asked because they want to be sure that the researcher does not catch them lying. a. b. girls, more than boys, were described as "little." a. whites a. often misunderstand what was really an innocent comment. d. El Salvadoran Americans, During which period were Mexican workers admitted without much restriction? Social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest because two groups focused on fulfilling their own best interest without acknowledging the actions of the other group involved often leads to neither group benefiting. Selected Answer: Social categorization correct? What is important is to reduce the self-concern that is engaged when we consider the relevant negative stereotypes. In these cases, your membership as a university student is simply more salient and important than it is every day, and you are more likely to categorize yourself accordingly. According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? Physical environment. b. Puerto Rican Americans Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. Stereotyping others is simply unfair. d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all French people like to wear striped shirts, is best described as Stereotype threat is not, however, absolutewe can get past it if we try. Even 5-year-old children have learned cultural norms about the appropriate activities and behaviors for boys and girls and also have developed stereotypes about age, race, and physical attractiveness (Bigler & Liben, 2006). involvement Public opinion.